1. The purpose of this engineering article is to explain fabrication and erection specification and minimum requirements for the supply and fabrication of sheeted, steel-framed buildings.
2. Technical Specification Steel Framed Buildings
2.1 This specification applies to materials, fabrication, workmanship, delivery, and erection of sheeted, steel-framed buildings.
3. RELATED DOCUMENTS
3.1 Company Engineering Documents
M03 Painting of Outdoor Steelwork (Third Party Plants)
M04 Painting of Outdoor Steelwork (Company Owned Plants) M05 Supply and Fabrication of Structural Steelwork
M08 Handling Structural Steelwork on Site M13 Grouting of Equipment and Structures V06 Overhead Travelling Cranes
3.2 British Standards Institute (BSI)
BS 460 Cast iron rainwater goods
BS 476: Part 3 Fire tests on building materials and structures: External fire exposure roof test
BS 729 Hot dip galvanised coatings on iron and steel articles
BS 952: Part 1 Glass for glazing: Classification
BS 952: Part 2 Glass for glazing: Terminology for work on glass
BS 1091 Pressed steel gutters, rainwater pipes, fittings and accessories
BS 1494 Fixing accessories for building purposes
BS 2523 Lead-based priming paints
BS 2997 Aluminium rainwater goods
BS 3083 Hot-dip zinc coated and hot-dip aluminium/zinc coated corrugated steel
sheets for general purposes
BS 3506 Unplasticized PVC pipe for industrial uses
BS 4868 Profiled aluminium sheet for building
BS 5872 Locks and latches for doors in buildings
BS 5950: Part 1 Structural use of steelwork in building: Code of practice for design in simple and continuous construction: hot rolled sections
BS 6262 Code of practice for glazing for buildings
BS 6399: Part 1 Loading for buildings: Code of practice for dead and imposed loads
BS 6399: Part 2 Loading for buildings: Code of practice for wind loads
4. MATERIALS
4.1 Steelwork
4.1.1 Structural steel, bolts, nuts, washers, and electrodes shall comply with the standards and specifications listed in M05, unless the purchase order indicates otherwise. Galvanised items shall be in accordance with BS 729.
4.2 Cladding
4.2.1 The type of cladding will be specified on the COMPANY General Arrangement drawing. The material specification for ridges, caps, and louvres shall be the same as that for the sheeting selected.
4.3 Hook Bolts and Driving Screws
4.3.1 Hook bolts, driving screws, and seam bolts shall be 8 mm diameter and galvanised.
Nonmetallic washers shall be used with aluminium sheeting.
4.4 Flashing
4.4.1 Flashing for aluminium alloy and protected metal coverings shall be of the same materials as the coverings. If lead flashings are used (e.g., under and over patent glazing), the weight of the flashing shall not be less than 20 kg/m2.
4.5 Steel Doors and Gates
4.5.1 Doors and gates shall have rigid frames and shall be supplied complete with all hardware including handles, locks of requested, cabin hooks, and hinges, all of quality approved by AP. Door hinges shall be sufficiently substantial to prevent doors from sagging.
4.5.2 Personnel doors, unless otherwise specified, shall be of a self-closing, spring-loaded, or hydraulically operated panic type, and shall be provided with door handles and locks operable from the outside. In all cases, the panic bar shall override the external lock or handle.
4.5.3 Sliding doors shall be top-hung, and shall be supplied complete with hood, Coburn system track or equivalent, hangers, brackets, stops, bottom guide, and other fittings required for the satisfactory operation of the doors. A device shall be fitted to prevent the door from falling in the event of the wheels being lifted clear of the track.
4.5.4 Roller-shutter doors shall be supplied complete with hood and all necessary fittings. When electrically operated, they shall also be provided with emergency hand-operated gear.
4.5.5 All doors and door fittings shall be obtained from a manufacturer approved by AP.
4.6 Locks
4.6.1 The types of lock will be specified on the COMPANY General Arrangement drawing. Mortice and rim locks shall conform to BS 5872, category B or equivalent. All locks shall be numbered consecutively and shall be operable by the appropriate works master key. All keys shall be provided by the Supplier.
4.7 Windows and Lights
4.7.1 Wall and roof lights shall be either of continuous patent glazing of approved type and manufacture, or of translucent sheeting with a profile matching that of the building sheeting. Translucent
sheeting shall be of fire-resistant material conforming to BS 476: Part 3, grades S.AB, or equal.
4.7.2 The choice of lights will be specified on the COMPANYGeneral Arrangement drawing.
4.7.3 When specified, opening lights shall be top-hung and fitted with an opening mechanism operable from floor level.
4.8 Glass
4.8.1 Doors shall be glazed with 6 mm thick Georgian wired polished plate glass.
4.8.2 Windows shall be glazed with 6 mm thick clear plate glass, except in locations where pressure relief may occur (e.g., oxygen compressor shields), Plexiglas shall be used.
4.9 Glazing Putty
4.9.1 Metal windows shall be glazed using a suitable metal casement putty. If tropical use is specified, the putty shall be suitable for that condition.
4.10 Rainwater Goods
4.10.1 Gutters and downpipes shall be made of cast iron, pressed steel, aluminium alloy, or PVC.
4.10.2 Rainwater goods shall be supplied with stop ends, bends, shoes, brackets, clips, fixing bolts, jointing materials, and other necessary fittings. Downpipes shall be fitted with wire balloons, and shall be provided with shoes to carry rainwater clear of the floor slab or the side of the building. Other discharge arrangements may be used if it is specified on the COMPANYGeneral Arrangement drawing.
- 5. DRAWINGS AND DOCUMENTATION
5.1 COMPANY Drawings
5.1.1 The COMPANYGeneral Arrangement drawing will specify general requirements for the types of sheeting, doors, ventilators, natural lighting arrangements, pipe openings, and any specific design connections.
5.2 Design of Details and Connections
5.2.1 The Supplier shall provide all steel members indicated on the drawings, and shall be responsible for the detailed design and construction of all end connections, welding, bolting, battening, lacing, and their suitability for the loads and reactions specified on the COMPANY drawings, in accordance with BS 5950 (or equivalent). The Supplier shall be solely responsible for the strength and adequacy of all connection details, unless the relevant details are specified in the General Arrangement drawing.
5.2.2 COMPANY reserves the right to require alteration or strengthening of any structural detail proposed by the Supplier, in order for the building to fully conform to this specification.
5.3 Detailed Drawings
5.3.1 The Supplier shall provide drawings and information in accordance with the COMPANY”Schedule of
Drawings and Data Required from Vendor”, in the technical specifications.
5.4 Erection Lists
5.4.1 If erection is not carried out by the Supplier, all delivery invoices and advice notes shall bear the same erection marks as those shown on the erection drawings, and every part despatched shall be marked individually.
5.4.2 Complete lists of erection bolts, delivery invoices, advice notes, test certificates, together
with erection plans shall be sent to site in duplicate and two additional copies to COMPANY Hersham Vendor Print Control. All above items shall be issued in dossier form clearly stating contract and purchase order number.
- 6. FABRICATION
6.1 Workmanship on structural steelwork shall be in accordance with BS 5950 (or equivalent).
6.2 With the exception of lacing and sag rods, structural bolted connections shall have a minimum of two bolts per connection.
6.3 In order to ensure accurate alignment of the top faces of members, especially where the members support flooring or equipment, adequate checks of “as-rolled” sections are required during fabrication, and shop corrections shall be made when necessary. The Supplier shall
be responsible for the straightness of all steel members and for their compliance with the profiles specified on the drawings. The Supplier shall take all necessary precautions to
prevent distortion of the steelwork during fabrication.
6.4 If site erection is carried out by others, landing cleats shall be shop-fitted for site-welded structures. They are not required for bolted structures.
6.5 The bolted connections of crane rails shall be made with friction-type lock washers. The method of attachment of the rails to the crane beams shall facilitate their replacement. Bolted stops shall be provided at each end of the rails. The stops shall not engage the flanges of the trolley wheels. Continuously welded block to the top flange of crane beams, suitable for type of specified crane, is also acceptable.
6.6 The Supplier shall be fully responsible for the certification and testing of overhead cranes, runway beams, travelling trolleys, lifting appliances, and their compliance with local authority requirements.
- 7. CLADDING
7.1 Cladding shall be fixed in accordance with the manufacturer’s recommendations.
7.2 Profiled steel sheets shall be fixed with side and end laps consistent with the manufacturer’s instructions.
7.3 The Supplier shall be responsible for the weathertightness of the building, provided that erection is in accordance with the Supplier’s detailed drawings, irrespective of who carries out the site erection.
- 8. GLAZING
8.1 Glazing shall comply with BS 6262 (or equivalent). When approved, patent glazing shall be erected in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions.
- 9. PAINTING
9.1 All structural steelwork shall be surface prepared and painted as specified by the purchase order.
9.2 Galvanised fittings (e.g. door panels) shall not be painted.
9.3 Shop contact faces shall be given one coat of primer and brought together whilst the paint is wet.
9.4 When friction-grip bolts are used, the contact faces shall not be painted.
9.5 Site Painting (where applicable)
9.5.1 Surfaces which will be in contact after assembly shall be given one undercoat and brought together whilst the paint is wet.
9.5.2 Steelwork shall be touched up with two coats of primer and then given one undercoat and one top coat of finish paint.
9.5.3 Galvanised fittings shall be given one undercoat and one top coat, with the colour to match the rest of the steelwork or to match coated sheeting, whichever is applicable.
9.5.4 The colours and type of paint will be specified by the purchase order and project specific specification.
- 1 INSPECTION
10.1 The Supplier shall permit inspection at all reasonable times during fabrication, construction, and testing.
10.2 Inspector’s approval of shop work, welding procedure, and testing shall not relieve the Supplier of responsibility for conforming to the requirements of the drawings, specifications, and relevant codes for the steelwork ordered.
10.3 All weld procedure specifications, weld procedure qualification records, and welders qualifications, together with material certifications and painting dry film thickness (DFT) results, shall be available together with items listed in paragraph 5.4 on final inspection. All items to be in dossier form as stated in paragraph 5.4.
- 1 SPARES AND PACKING
Note: If the purchase order is for the supply of materials only, and site erection is done by others, the following requirements shall apply:
11.1 Domestic (Delivery in UK)
11.1.1 10% extra bolts (excluding anchor bolts), nuts, and washers shall be supplied.
11.1.2 If the Supplier is required to provide anchor bolts, they shall be despatched within two weeks of receipt of order unless otherwise specified.
11.1.3 10% extra glass shall be supplied.
11.1.4 Structural parts shall be bundled for transport.
11.1.5 Gusset plates, cleats and other small items which are despatched separately shall be securely wired together in bundles and packed in timber crates.
11.1.6 Straight corrugated sheets shall be bundled, the sides and ends protected with timber frames, and the whole bound with strong galvanised steel or aluminium bands.
11.1.7 Bolts, nuts, and washers shall be supplied either in a double fabric bag, or one or more single bags inside a box, all securely tied.
11.1.8 Fabricated frames shall be suitably braced to prevent distortion during transit.
11.1.9 Sheets doors and gates shall be crated unless otherwise agreed to by AP.
11.1.10 The shipping mark, including the name “Company PLC,” the purchase order number, the weight if it exceeds 1 tonne, and the material contents shall be stencilled on each separate part, bundle, package, and on the outside of each wooden case; when cases are not provided, a metal label suitably inscribed shall be securely attached.
11.2 Export
11.2.1 Export requirements shall be in accordance with paragraph 11.1, with the following additions and substitutions:
All sheeting, ridge caps, flashing, gutters, downpipes, and other parts shall be packed in the manufacturers’ standard export cases with three or more circumferential battens of timber not less than 19 mm x 150 mm with aluminium or galvanised steel-bound corners.
Bolts, nuts, and washers shall be supplied in bags all securely tied. The bags shall be enclosed in stout wooden cases strongly battened and bound with aluminium or galvanised steel bands.
No single case, bundle, or package shall exceed 5 tonne in weight.
- 1 OFF-LOADING, STORAGE, AND ERECTION Note: Where applicable
12.1 The Supplier shall be responsible for off-loading and storing all materials at the site in the area allocated. The storage and handling of materials shall be done in such a manner to avoid damage and excessive stresses in the pieces handled.
12.2 Whenever new structures are to replace or to extend existing ones, the existing structures shall be carefully taken down and removed by the Supplier, and stored on the area allocated by AP.
12.3 The Supplier shall be responsible for the final grouting of steelwork.
12.4 The Supplier shall carry out all site painting as specified in paragraph 9.5.
12.5 The Supplier shall make no alteration, addition, or amendment to the building without the prior approval of COMPANY at Hersham.