You get the level of safety that you demonstrate you want.
Dupont Proverb
Health and Safety (HS) management is about people. It is about avoiding injury and harm to people in the workplace and in the wider community arising from any activity undertaken by the Group. Environmental (E) management is concerned with avoiding or minimizing the impact of Group activities on the immediate and wider environment. As with Quality Management, HSE management should not be seen as being separate from
other opportunity realization activities. Effective HSE management involves appropriate actions in virtually every project activity. HSE, therefore, is firmly a line responsibility for all people engaged in opportunity realization.
Our understanding of the management of HSE has increased considerably over the years and the complete integration of HSE into opportunity realization activities provides the best and most cost-effective way of managing HSE risks. It is a Group requirement that all Group, companies have a documented HSE Management System. That Company management system forms the basis of the opportunity/project HSE management system and plan.
The elements of the SIEP HSE Manual (EP95.000) that are particularly applicable to projects are briefly described in 4.6.2 below.
Opportunity HSE Management System and Plans
The Group HSE Management System document defines the various HSE policies and processes that either operate at Group level or that are common across the Group. OUs establish and implement an HSE-MS in line with Group requirements. The OU HSE-MS forms the basis for the opportunity/project HSE Management System.
A guideline for the structure of the opportunity HSE-MS is given in Figure 4.6.1.
Policy and Objectives
The opportunity HSE policy and objectives are derived from and must be compatible with those of its parent OU.
Organization, Responsibilities, Resources, Standards, Documents
The organizational structure for HSE Management in the opportunity/project should be described and the HSE responsibilities of individuals/groups identified. The resources for HSE Management should be set out and the key HSE standards and documents used by the team should be referenced.
Hazards and Effects Management
Describe the Hazards and Effects Management Process (HEMP) (Figure 4.6.2), identify the major hazards and explain how these will be controlled.
Planning and Implementation
Opportunity HSE plans may be integrated plans containing all those elements or they may be developed as separate plans (HS,E or H,S,E) but they still need to cover the following functions:
• Seismic Surveys
• Project Offices
• Well Engineering
• Design
• Procurement
• Construction
• Commissioning
• Start-up
The Group Enhanced Safety Management (1985) document provides a valuable indicator of the elements that need to be addressed in the HSE implementation plan(s) (Enhanced Safety Management Elements ) (The more recent focus on Work Force Involvement can be accommodated in the section on Motivation)
- Management Commitment
- HSE Policy
- Line management Responsibility
- HSE advice
- HSE standards
- HSE measurement
- HSE targets
- Training
- Incident investigations
- Motivation
For each of these elements, it is suggested that the implementation plan(s) be addressed in the format shown in Figure 4.6.3. The implementation plan then also becomes the format for the progress report on its implementation.
In preparing the implementation Plan consideration needs to be given to the matters discussed below.
Concept Development (EP95.0220)
Concept Development provides the initial framework for progression of HSE management during the evolution of the opportunity lifecycle. HSE issues are addressed during the evaluation of alternative development scenarios
(ORP Phase 2-Select), each with its own subsurface and surface development option, to ensure that concepts align with the Groups General Business Principles and also to identify HSE aspects that could have a significant impact on project economics.
EP 95.000 stresses the importance of assessments such as Hazard Identification (HAZID) and Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) at this early stage when change remains possible without substantial financial penalty.
EP95.0220 addresses the importance of the Hazards and Effects Management Process (HEMP) (Figure 4.6.4) and describes the specific application of this process in concept selection:
• the HSE objectives to be achieved at each stage
• the techniques that can be used to achieve the objectives
• the deliverables expected at the end of each stage.
The HSE Case will begin to be developed or, in some OUs, the Design Safety Case is prepared.
Analysis of the various concepts leads to an appraisal strategy that may trigger other activities such as Survey and Drilling. The linkage with the other sections of the HSE Manual is defined to demonstrate the continual update of the HSE case as a live document during each phase of the resource life cycle.
Identify Are people, environment, asset or company reputation exposed to harm?
Assess
What are the causes and consequences?
How likely is loss of control?
What is the risk and is it low as reasonably practicable (???)?
Control
Can the causes be eliminated?
What controls are needed?
How effective are the controls?
Recover
Can the potential consequences or effects be mitigated>
What recovery measures are needed?
Are recovery capabilities suitable and sufficient?
Design (EP95.0230)
Elements of the HSE management system of particular relevance in engineering design are highlighted. Reference is made to the various structured review techniques used in HEMP in design. Hazards assessment includes reference to codes and standards and the techniques of qualitative analysis, physical effects modelling and quantitative risk assessment.
The principles behind control techniques and their resulting benefits are analyzed. General system design is examined with respect to operability and maintainability (simplicity of plan, accessibility, provisions for non-routine operation, isolation/maintenance philosophy, working environment) and to excursions and specification breaks, control systems, overpressure protection, corrosion mitigation.
Specific aspects relating to equipment blocks common in EP operations are discussed for
pipelines and piping, pig launcher and receivers, pressure vessels, heat exchangers,
furnaces, running equipment, atmospheric tanks, electrical systems and handling systems.
Design for recovery looks at facility layout and control centers, process safeguarding,
fire and gas detection, emergency shutdown and depressurization, and drains systems.
Passive and active fire precaution, emergency power and escape and evacuation provisions
are also addressed.
Construction & Commissioning (EP95.0240)
The links with other sections of the HSE Manual and the EP Business Model are
identified, HSE-critical activities in construction and commissioning are summarized and
a framework of essential elements is shown.
The HSE management section emphasizes early identification of HSE issues, full
coverage of HSE during the tendering phase, assurance of contractors’ capabilities and
commitment prior to contract award and mobilization. Hazards and effects management
includes consideration of risk reduction measures.
The stages of development in a commissioning plan are discussed, involving definition of
systems, commissioning procedures, off site precommissioning and work-site factors during
commissioning. Essential documentation and records to be available for construction
completion, precommissioning, hook-up, commissioning and handover is listed.
Drilling (EP 95.0210)
Guidance is given on drilling-related HSE issues and on how drilling hazards and risks
can be reduced. It enables an assessment to be made of a contractor’s approach to HSE
which will assist in the contractor selection process and facilitate better control of HSE.
Logistics (EP95.0260)
Key aspects of HSE management for logistics are identified under the standard set of
headings. Hazard management objectives are mapped out against the business process
activities of logistics operations.
Production & Maintenance (EP95.0250)
HSE management focuses on safeguarding personnel in production and maintenance
activities, and maintaining integrity of facilities (by use of the Asset Reference Plan and
Reliability Centered Maintenance). Risk reduction measures in concurrent operations are
outlined together with the framework for assessing hazards in carrying out production
and maintenance activities.
Key aspects of HSE management for production and maintenance are identified under
the standard set of headings. Production plant operational tasks examines the general
activities of defect and leak reporting, control of ignition sources, instrument
monitoring, sampling and draining of equipment. Specific HSE requirements are
described for well systems, gathering systems, storage, floating production systems, gas
processing plan, pipelines and individual equipment types (e.g. separators, heat
exchangers, fired heaters etc.) HSE issues associated with start-up, shutdown and
temporary production operations (pigging/sphering, wirelessing etc.) are addressed.
Pre- and post-maintenance tasks focused on the essential HSE requirements before
carrying out maintenance work (e.g. PTW, availability of work instruction and
procedures, toolbox meeting and site inspections).
The guidance then follows the sequence of depressurising, cooling down, removal of
hazardous substances/residue disposal, cleaning and isolation of plant equipment,
electrical and instrument/safety systems prior to maintenance and the subsequent
restoration of plant to operational status.
Decommissioning (EP95.0245)
This guideline is prepared by EP Forum and addresses the decommissioning and
reclamation of onshore oil and gas facilities that have completed their useful function.
The guidelines set out to describe methodologies for identifying areas of concern and
selecting and implementing appropriate remedial procedures.
The guidelines address access roads, camp sites, drill sites, seismic lines, well pads, oil and
gas treatment and storage facilities, gathering lines, gas plants, waste disposal and
treatment sites, pits, ponds and dumps. The specific aspects of EP operation such as down
hole abandonment is addressed under well site decommissioning. Case study examples are
provided representing successful strategies in specific environmental settings, typical of
international EP operations in areas such as tundra, savannah and desert, marshland,
tropical rain forest, agricultural lands, urbanized areas and subsistence land use.
Audit
Define the HSE Audit programmed and audit responsibilities across the seven functions, listed under “Planning and Implementation” above. This audit programmed forms an
essential part of the opportunity/project Verification Plan that is discussed in 4.5.2 and
close-out of actions arising from the audit must be performed as discussed in that section.
Management Review
Define the management Review process and programme.
Regular Management reviews of the Opportunity HSE Implementation Plan and the
Opportunity HSE-MS as a whole must be held. It is suggested that the Implementation
Plan’s progress should be reviewed at least quarterly and the Plan and the HSE-MS should
be reviewed for effectiveness in detail and updated as necessary at least annually.
Operations HSE Case & HSE Management System
The structures of the HSE management system and the HSE Case are defined.
Guidelines for preparing an HSE management system are given. Guidelines for preparing an
HSE MS Manual summarise the principal aspects of each of its eight parts: introduction;
policy and strategic objectives; organisation, responsibilities, resources, standards and
documentation; hazards and effects management; planning and procedures; implementation
and monitoring; auditing and management review. Separate sections cover: the HSE’s
activities catalogue, reference documents and standards, shortfalls and remedial action plan.
Guidelines for preparing an HSE Case focus on the seven parts of the Case presentation:
management summary, the HSE MS of the operation, catalogue of Case activities,
description of the operation, hazards and effects analysis and its products (the Hazards
and Effects Register, HSE-critical operations procedures and Manual of Permitted
Operations), remedial work plan and statement of fitness.
Local regulations may impact the preparation of the HSE Case and guidance should be
sought from individual OU HSE departments.
HSE Guidance
Other key documents not referred to above that support opportunity/project HSE Management are:
EP 95-0110 Management of Contractor HSE
EP 95-0312 Hazid
EP 95-0313 Hazop
EP 95-0323 Thesis (computer-based tool for building and maintaining an HSE Case
EP 95-0350 Firepran (tool for examination of fire and explosion issues)
EP 95-0370 Environmental Assessment
EP 95-0371 Social Impact Assessment
EP 95-0373 Sustainability Assessment Guide