Metal Building Erection | Materials | Installation Procedures - PDFYAR

This article is about Metal Building Erection, which material used for construction of metal building and what are installation procedures.

Metal Building Erection | Materials | Installation Procedures

Following are material installation details for metal building as international codes and standards.

Roof Covering
1. The roof panels shall be 26 minimum nominal gauge steel and have major ribs spaced at 12 inches on center. These ribs shall be a full 1 1/4 inches deep and 1 inch wide at the top. In addition, two secondary ribs shall be placed between major ribs. These panels shall have a smooth finish and provide a net 36 inches coverage. Side laps shall be one full major rib and shall use the bearing edge of the underlying major rib for support. End laps shall be 6 inches and shall occur over a supporting member. Panels shall be continuous from ridge to eave unless panel lengths exceed 40 ft or are located at a skylight or other roof penetration locations.
2. Sealants, mastics, and closures shall be provided at panel end laps, side laps, rakes, eaves, transitions, and accessories as required to provide a weather-resistant roof system.
3. Exposed fasteners shall be self-drilling, stainless steel-capped with an integral sealing washer. Color-coated heads are not required.
4. A UL 580 Class 60 wind uplift rating shall be standard for all building roofs, except that a UL 580 Class 90 is required when the basic wind speed exceeds 140 miles per hour (3-second gust) or when translucent roof panels are part of the roof covering.
Wall Covering
1. The wall panels shall be of 26 minimum nominal gauge steel and have major ribs spaced at 12 inches on center. These ribs shall be a full 1 1/4 inches deep and 1 inch wide at the top. In addition, two secondary ribs shall be placed between major ribs. The panel shall have a pebble grain finish and provide a net 36 inches coverage. Side laps shall be one major rib. End laps shall be 6 inches and occur over a supporting member. Panels shall be continuous from eave or rake to sill unless panel lengths exceed 35 feet or are located at wall penetrations.
2. Sealants, mastics, and closures shall be provided at panel end laps, side laps, rakes, eaves, transitions, and accessories as required to provide a weather-resistant wall system.
3. Exposed wall fasteners shall be self-drilling, stainless steel-capped without an integral sealing washer. The color of the fastener head shall match the wall panel finish.
4. The wall shall overlap the foundation 2 inches minimum. The wall panel shall be attached to a continuous base angle or base girt as conditions warrant. A formed metal sill drip shall close off the end of the wall panel.
5. Wall panels shall not be used as roof panels.
6. Wall panels shall be used solely as the exterior wall covering for all buildings, for the covering on both sides of a facade, for the wainscot and full-height liner panels on the interior surface of exterior walls, and for partitions in otherwise unfinished utility buildings. The rib wall panel shall not be used to finish rooms listed in paragraph 9.3.1.
Interior Wall Panels
1. Virtually flat wall panels shall be used as the interior finish in offices, control rooms, analyzer rooms, digital control system rooms, parts cleaning rooms, electronic component storage rooms, lavatories, locker rooms, and other rooms that require smooth finished walls.
2. Panels shall be 26 minimum gauge, provide a 12-inch wide net coverage, and have two 6-inch wide flat surfaces in the same plane separated by a “V” groove occurring 6 inches on center after adjacent panels have been installed. Panels shall be 1 1/4 inches deep.
3. The joint shall be accomplished by a tongue-in-groove or interlocking connection with adjacent panels reinforced by clips and fastened with concealed fasteners. Panels shall be continuous from sill to eave or sill to the first girt above the finished ceiling.
4. Panels shall be furnished complete with metal trim kits for around openings (for example, doors, windows, or framed openings), and at columns, corners, sills, eaves, and wall conditions where the wall panel is interrupted.
5. The panels shall be furnished with metal base trim and metal ceiling trim except in rooms that are finished with vinyl floor tile/base cove and lay-in-ceiling panels, unless otherwise indicated by a room finish schedule.
Accessories
1. Flashing and Trim
  - Flashing and/or trim shall be supplied at rakes, including peak and corner assemblies, high and low eaves, corners, bases, and framed openings, as required, to provide weathertightness and a finished appearance.
2. Closures, Mastics, and Sealants
  - Closures formed to match roof and wall panel profiles shall be supplied to provide weathertightness. Closures shall be made from ethylene-propylene-duene-monomer (EPDM), a closed cell material, in gray or a neutral color.
  - Preformed tape mastics and/or nonskinning tube sealants shall be supplied for the side laps and end laps of all roof coverings.
  - Tape mastic shall be a nonhardening, noncorrosive, preformed butyl rubber-based compound, white or light gray.
  - Tube sealant shall be a synthetic elastomer-based material, gray or bronze.
3. Plastic Parts
  - Plastic parts for use as corner caps, peak caps, transitions, and certain facade parts shall be 1/8 inch minimum thickness thermoformed Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene (ABS) material or fiberglass reinforced resins.
4. Windows
  - Windows shall be of all-aluminum frame construction with head, sill, and jamb fins of a configuration required for self-framing, self-flashing installation in the wall covering system. Operable windows shall be equipped with fiberglass insect screening and operating hardware. Window construction shall conform to the AAMA 1302. Applicable sections of AAMA 1302 are: Horizontal Slide-Light Commercial Type HS-B2; Projected and Fixed Commercial Type P-A2.
  - Windows shall be either 3030 horizontal slide, 3040 projecting, or 3040 fixed as indicated on the building plans.
  - Windows in buildings which are mechanically heated or cooled shall be glazed with clear, two pane insulating glass. Glass shall have a 1/4-inch airspace. All other windows shall be glazed with double Strength “B” quality clear glass.
  - All surfaces of the window unit shall be finished with a factory-applied pigmented organic coating conforming to AAMA 2603. The coating color shall match the exterior wall covering color.
5. Service Doors
  - Service doors shall be according to Company “Standard Door and Hardware Schedule for Utility and Special Buildings,” 309750D. The following paragraphs shall become part of the requirements of the standard drawing.
  - The SDI A250.8 specification shall become part of this specification as well as all cross- references made to other SDI and ASTM standards. The SDI publications are numbers 112 and 118.
  - Frames installed in the exterior wall covering systems shall be self-framing and self- flashing.
  - All exterior service door openings (except noise-attenuated openings that require special attenuation materials) shall be weather-stripped at jambs, heads, and sill.
6. Roll-up Doors
  - Roll-up doors shall be according to Company “Standard Door and Hardware Schedule for Utility and Special Buildings,” 309750D.
7. Louvers
  - Louvers shall be either the fixed open or operable type as specified on the drawings.
  - Louver frames shall be constructed from 18 minimum gauge galvalume coated or galvanized steel. Units shall be self-framing, self-flashing, and self-mulling. Frames shall be of welded construction.
  - The minimum free area of fixed and operable louvers shall be 65%.
  - Louver blades shall be of the overlapping type to provide maximum weathertightness. Adjustable louver blades shall be weather stripped to make the louver air tight when blades are in the closed position. Blades shall be 20 minimum gauge galvalume coated or galvanized steel.
  - Operation of the louver blades shall be by hand crank.
  - Louver shall be supplied with a removable insect screen mounted on the exterior face.
  - The assembly shall be factory finish painted to match the color of the wall covering.
8. Framed Openings
  - Wall opening frames shall be of cold-formed gauge material designed to carry all applicable loads. Openings shall be flashed with color-coated trim so that no primed steel is exposed to the exterior.
  - Framed openings for pipe and equipment penetrations shall be flashed on both sides with color-coated, 26 minimum gauge flat stock, caulked and secured in place with a sufficient quantity of fasteners to provide a weathertight construction and workmanship-like appearance.
  - The annular space of pipe and equipment penetrations shall be completely filled with building insulation.
9. Gutters
  - Gutters and downspouts shall be adequately sized to discharge the runoff from a 10-year frequency, 30-minute storm. The rainfall intensity shall be obtained from Precipitation- Frequency Atlas of the United States, NOAA Atlas 14.
  - Eave gutters, downspouts, and elbows shall be roll-formed, 26 minimum gauge steel.
  - Gutters and downspouts shall be installed with straps, hangers, fasteners, and sealants to make a watertight and secure installation.
  - Multigutters and valley gutters shall be formed from 16 minimum gauge, galvanized steel. Joints shall be shop-welded. Any surface damaged as a result of field assembly shall be repaired with a zinc-rich touch-up paint.
10. Translucent Panels
  - Translucent panels shall be clear fiberglass reinforced plastic manufactured in the same configuration as the metal roof and wall panels.
    - Panels shall have a textured exterior surface and provide 60% minimum light transmittance.
    - Panel coverage is a nominal 3 ft 0 in x 10 ft 8 in.
  - Panels shall meet or exceed the requirements of Section 2609 of the IBC.
  - Panels shall bear the UL “Recognized Component Marking” when used with UL wind uplift rated roof systems.
11. Ventilators
  - Round Gravity Ventilator
    - Round gravity roof ventilator shall have birdscreen, interior baffles, and exterior wind bands designed to provide maximum air flow. Round ventilators shall be furnished with dampers of the spring-loaded butterfly type operated by a pull cord.
    - Ventilators shall be peak or hillside mounted, and base configuration shall match the roof panel configuration.
    - Minimum CFM per Unit Size
    - 12 inches – 256 CFM
    - 20 inches – 712 CFM
    - 24 inches – 1026 CFM
    - Assembly shall be constructed from 24 minimum gauge galvalume coated or galvanized steel.
  - Ridge Ventilator
    - Ridge ventilators shall be either the fixed open or operable type as specified on the building drawings.
    - Units shall be furnished with a 12-inch throat opening and in 10 ft 0 in lengths.
    - The opening shall be covered with a galvanized bird screen. Drains shall be provided to prevent trapping rainwater.
    - The damper shall be operated by means of a chain and wormgear.
    - Individual 10 ft 0 in units shall be connected together to form a continuous run of ridge vents with one operator per four vents.
    - The ridge ventilator shall be provided with a flat skirt base and outside closures to match the roof panel configuration and to make a weather-tight assembly.
    - Exterior parts shall be 26 gage painted or Galvalume. Interior parts are all made of galvanized steel. The substructure shall consist of 10 gage saddle straps with interior baffles of 24 gage steel. Lifter arms and damper slides shall be 18 gage steel.
12. Facade
  1. Structural facade systems are not normally required on Company buildings.
  2. When a facade is required, it shall be the building supplier’s standard “open facade” which has an open space between the sheeted backside and building eaves and rake.
  3. The facade may be either vertical or mansard with face incline of 12:3 or less and face height between 4 and 10 ft. The bottom edge of the facade shall be 2 inches below the building eave line.
  4. The facade overhang projection from the face of the building wall to the face of the facade shall be within the limits of the building design and imposed wind and snow loads.
  5. The facing material shall be the same as the building wall panels.
13. Borrowed Lites
  1. Borrowed lites are interior windows or viewports mounted in nonfire-rated walls through which the control or viewing of display panels and/or equipment is required.
  2. The glazing shall be 1/4 inch (total nominal thickness) laminated clear safety glass (plate or sheet) with an intermediate layer of polyvinyl butyral (PVB) 0.030 inch minimum thickness, bonded together by a heat and pressure treatment process.
  3. Glazing shall be set with neoprene setting blocks of 70–90 durometer located at the quarter points.
  4. The borrowed lite frame shall be hollow metal, flush-type, 4 3/4 inches minimum depth with shop welded mitered corners. Frame shall be manufactured from 14 minimum gauge galvanized steel coil, bonderized, and given one shop coat of prime paint. Glazing shall be set in metal window stops that are attached to the frame with countersunk sheet metal screws. The frame and stops shall be field finish painted.
14. Canopies
  1. Wall-Hung Type
    - Wall-hung canopies shall be of the manufacturer’s standard design and shall be complete with all wall flashing, perimeter trim, and suspension system.
    - Projection from the face of the building wall shall be 3 ft, and minimum nominal unobstructed clearance from the floor to the underside shall be 7 ft 6 in for doors without transoms and 9 ft 0 in for doors with transoms.
    - Canopies shall be located above all service doors (single or double) on control and office buildings.
  2. Below-eave Type
    - Below-eave canopies shall be used to protect active and stored cylinders of analyzer gases and to protect stored chemical and oil containers.
    - The canopy shall be column-mounted and shall be continuous for one or more bays. It shall extend a minimum of 5 ft from the building wall and shall provide a minimum unobstructed vertical clearance of 9 ft from the floor to the underside of the structure.
    - The canopy shall be complete with wall flashing, perimeter trim, gutters, and downspouts. Soffits are not required.
  3. Roof-Extension Type
    - Roof extension canopies shall be provided only when shown on the contract drawings.
    - The canopy shall be column mounted and shall be continuous for one or more bays. It shall extend a minimum of 5 ft from the building wall.
    - The canopy shall be complete with wall flashing, perimeter trim, gutters, and downspouts. Soffits are not required.
Insulation
1. The glass fiber blanket insulation described in this section shall be used in mechanically heated or cooled buildings and/or mechanically ventilated buildings.
  - Insulation materials required for use in noise-attenuated structures are described in Section 10 of this specification.
2. Glass fiber blanket insulation shall be a factory-laminated composite of facing material and a glass fiber insulation blanket of odorless, neutral-colored, long-filament, flexible, resilient, 0.6 pcf minimum density material.
  - Conductivity of blanket insulation shall be K = 0.29 for 40°F mean temperature and 0.31 for 70°F mean temperature.
  - Blanket insulation shall not cause or accelerate corrosiveness with steel or aluminum nor breed or promote fungi or bacterial growth.
  - Blanket insulation shall be made available in 36, 48, or 72-inch widths and in thicknesses of 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6 inches. Standard 3-inch tabs, without adhesives, shall be along both edges of the blanket.
  - Facing material, factory-laminated to the glass fiber insulation, shall be Polypropylene Scrim Kraft. The construction of the facing shall consist of 0.0015-inch polypropylene film, glass scrim reinforcing, and 12# Kraft paper. The facing shall be white, the permeability rating shall be 0.02 perms, and the cold working temperature of the facing shall be 0°F.
  - The blanket facing material and glass fiber insulation material composite shall qualify for UL FHC 25/50 ratings (flame spread 25, smoke developed 50 according to ASTM E84/UL 723).
Special Roof and Wall Openings
1. Roof Jacks
  1. Pipe flashings for through-the-roof penetrations shall be made with prefabricated ethylene- propylene-duene-monomer (EPDM) rubber closures manufactured under the DEKTITE trade name or approved equal.
  2. Standard sizes shall accommodate 1/4 to 13-inch openings and special sizes up to 18 inches.
  3. EPDM rubber closures shall have a continuous service temperature range of -30° to +250°F. High-temperature silicone EPDM rubber closures shall be furnished for temperature ranges to +390°F when indicated on the drawings.
2. Roof Curbs
  - Roof curbs shall be all-welded construction and made from 18 minimum gauge galvalume coated or galvanized steel. The curb shall be supported on subframing that shall be designed, fabricated, and installed by the building supplier.
  - The top flange of the curb shall have an 8-inch minimum projection above the roof, and the top flange shall normally be flat and level for the mounting of mechanical or other equipment that might be supplied by others.
  - The top flange width and interior clear opening shall be customized to meet the specific requirements of the contract drawings. The curb might require continuous interior projections or clips for the mounting of dampers or other equipment.
  - Insulated curbs are required for all buildings. The curb design shall provide for the termination of the roof insulation in a neat and workmanlike manner.
  - The weight of the equipment that will be mounted on the curb shall be furnished to the building supplier by Company.
3. Roof Hatch
  - When indicated on the drawings, the building supplier shall provide (design, fabricate, and install) a roof hatch that will facilitate the removal of Company equipment from the building interior without requiring the removal of any building component other than the hatch lid. When the lid is removed, the opening shall be clear of all building components.
  - The hatch lid shall be removable as a single unit. A minimum of four lifting lugs shall be provided.
  - The roof hatch shall be mounted on a prefabricated permanent roof curb, the top of which shall be parallel to the slope of the roof and a minimum of 8 inches above the roof panels. All joints between the curb and the roof hatch shall be weathertight.
4. Removable Wall Sections
  1. A removable wall is required when equipment must be removed for periodic maintenance, such as bundles on coolers, or for other unique situations. The location and opening size will be defined by Company on the contract drawings.
  2. The removable wall section shall consist of:
    - A structurally framed opening capable of supporting all applicable loads.
    - Individual integral wall sections weighing a maximum of 60 pounds each that, when removed, will provide a clear, unobstructed opening.
    - The wall sections shall be bolted to the sill or floor, the head and jambs of the framed opening, and to each other. The bolted connections shall remain accessible at all times.
    - Each removable wall section (in a thermally insulated building) shall consist of the building wall panels, insulation, and liner panel (if required).
    - Each removable wall section (in a noise-attenuated building) shall consist of the building wall panels, blanket insulation, rigid insulation board, vapor barrier, and liner panel. See Section 10, Noise Attenuation Systems, for further information.
    - Edges of the section shall be adequately protected with trim to prevent damage during removal, storage, and reinstallation.
    - All joints shall be weathertight and, in noise-attenuated buildings, shall be designed to prevent the leakage of noise from the building interior.
Architectural Interior Finishes
1. Gypsum Wallboard
  1. Materials for and installation of a complete partition and/or ceiling system shall be according to this specification and with the recommendations, specifications, and procedures found in the National Gypsum – Gypsum Construction Guide.
  2. The nonload bearing interior partitions shall consist of gypsum wallboard attached to both sides (except one side when used on the interior face of exterior walls) of lightweight metal studs. The partition system shall be attached to the building structure (for example, girts, purlins, or frames) to obtain lateral stability.
  3. The interior ceiling and soffit system shall consist of gypsum wallboard attached to suspended lightweight furring channels and metal studs.
  4. Screw studs, stud tracks, and furring channels shall be 25 gage galvanized, aluminized (Type 1) coated steel conforming to ASTM C645.
  5. Wallboard shall be attached with self-drilling, Type “S” Bugle Head drywall screws.
  6. The maximum allowable partition height as shown in this chart is based on the following criteria:
    - 25 gage screw studs (.018 min. base steel)
    - Studs at 16 inches O.C.
    - Fasteners at 16 inches O.C.
    - Type “S” Bugle Head Screws
    - Wallboard both sides
    - Allowable deflection 120
    - Horizontal Load 5 lbs/S.F. of partition surface
  8. The maximum allowable span for ceiling furring members as shown in this chart is based on the following criteria:
    - 25 gage (.018 min. base steel)
    - 1/2 or 5/8-inch wallboard
    - Type “S” Bugle Head Screws
    - Fasteners at 12 inches O.C.
  10. Regular gypsum wall board with tapered edges shall be 1/2 inch thick for all single-layer applications and 3/8 inch thick for two-layer applications.
  11. Moisture-resistant gypsum board shall be 1/2-inch thickness for single-layer application and shall be used in all areas subject to moisture (such as locker, toilet, shower, and change rooms). Moisture-resistant board shall have an aluminum foil vapor retarder laminated to its back surface.
  12. Fire-resistant gypsum board shall be 1/2 or 5/8 inch thick (as indicated on the drawings or by the UL fire resistance ratings design number) and shall be applied in single layers, or multiples thereof, to achieve the required fire resistance rating.
  13. All outside corners shall be protected with standard corner beads. Casing and trim beads shall be used as edge protection and trim around window and door openings and as molding at ceiling angles.
  14. All joints shall be taped and sanded, and all surfaces shall be prepared for painting.
  15. Expansion control joints shall be provided every 30 ft or less.
2. Suspended Ceilings
  1. Panels
    1. The acoustical lay-in ceiling panels shall be Armstrong Minaboard in the “Fissured” pattern. Panels shall be 24 x 48 x 5/8 inches thick and have a factory-applied, washable, white vinyl latex paint finish. The panels shall be manufactured from fire-retardant mineral board.
    2. The panels shall meet the following criteria:
      - Noise Reduction Coefficient Range (NRC) = .50–.60
      - Sound Transmission Class Range (STC) = 35–39
      - Light Reflectance (LR) = LR 1 (min. 0.75) according to ASTM E1264
      - Surface Burning Characteristics – ASTM E1264 Class A; Flame Spread Index of 25 or under; UL Labeled
      - Insulation Value = Average C factor (at 70°F) = 63; R factor = 1.6
    3. If the space below the panel is air conditioned, a 2 feet x 4 feet x 6 inch thick fiberglass insulation batt (Manville Item A-106) shall be placed above each ceiling board.
  2. Suspension System
    - The system shall meet or exceed the requirements of ASTM C635. The color shall be white.
    - The suspension system shall include all components including anchors, hangers, main runners, cross runners, edge moldings, clips, fasteners and similar members, devices, and accessories.
    - The ceiling grid shall be hung from the building structure. The grid layout shall be coordinated with the job-specific requirements for lighting, heating and ventilating, and other mechanical systems. The suspension system shall support all items located within the ceiling network.
    - The installation of the metal ceiling suspension system shall be according to the requirements of ASTM C636.
3. Floor Tile and Base Cove
  - Floor tile and base cove (when part of the building supplier’s scope of work) shall be installed according to Floor Tile and Cove Materials and installation.
  - Base cove is typically 4 inches high, except in a toilet or locker room, the base shall be 6 inches high.
4. Masonry
  - Masonry work (when part of the building supplier’s scope of work) shall be installed according to Masonry Work.
  - Exterior masonry surfaces shall be waterproofed. The water seal shall be applied in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions, except that the first coat shall be applied at the rate of one gallon per 200 square feet, and the second coat applied at the rate of one gallon per 400 square feet.
5. Painting
  1. The building supplier shall be responsible for the finish painting of the building appurtenances.
  2. The following items shall be painted with two coats of semigloss, alkyd enamel paint:
    - Prime painted material exposed to the exterior
    - Roll-up doors (both sides) and related accessories and door components
    - Interior and exterior hollow metal doors and frames
    - Interior borrowed lites (hollow metal window frames)
  3. The following items shall be painted with two coats of semigloss, alkyd enamel to match the color of the interior metal liner panel:
    - Building columns in finished rooms only
    - All other prime painted building components exposed to view in finished rooms
  4. Gypsum wall board shall be painted with a minimum of one coat of primer/sealer and two finish coats of semigloss, alkyd enamel or latex base interior paint according to the paint manufacturer’s instructions. The color shall be white.
  5. The building supplier shall field-refinish-paint the exterior surfaces of the building components (for example, wall panels, trim, flashing, or lintels) in the following manner (when so directed by the Company field representative):
    - Use naphtha or mineral spirits solvent to remove all waxes, residual oils, or forming lubricants from surface.
    - Scuff-sand the entire area to be repainted with a “fine” wet or dry sandpaper.
    - Clean the areas with a mild detergent solution and soft bristle brushes. Rinse the detergent solution from the surface with water, preferably under pressure (for example, garden hose).
    - Just before repainting, the areas shall be solvent-wiped with clean white rags saturated with naphtha or mineral spirits.
    - Apply one coat (1.0–1.5 mils dry film thickness) of Pittsburgh Plate Glass siliconized alkyd enamel (Synco) paint. This enamel can be brushed, rolled, or sprayed. For brushing and rolling, apply as received. For air spraying, thin in a ratio of four parts paint to one part mineral spirits if the outside temperature is above 65°F. Thin with a naphtha (such as VMP naphtha) if the temperature is below 65°F. Painting with the above topcoat shall only be done when the outside temperature is above 50°F and below 80°F. Naturally, metal panels will be at a higher temperature than the air temperature if the sun is on the panels. The coatings recommended above will work best if the metal temperature is not higher than approximately 130°F.
  6. The building supplier shall field prime paint all shop prime painted surfaces which are damaged during shipment or erection. All surfaces contaminated with oil or grease shall be solvent cleaned according to SSPC SP 1. Surface preparation for painting shall be by hand wire brushing according to SSPC SP 2. The field-applied primer paint shall be compatible with the shop applied system. The applied dry film thickness shall be nominal 1 mil.
6. Flat Plastic Sheet
  - Flat fiberglass-reinforced plastic (FRP) sheets shall be placed on wall surfaces behind battery racks or other corrosion-producing equipment. Please See the building drawings for the sheet location in your project drawings.
  - Generally FRP sheets shall be 3/16 inch thick, flat (not corrugated), and 48 inches wide x 96 inches long.
  - Sheets shall be attached to the building base channel and building girt with #10 stainless steel sheet metal screws placed at 16 inches on center horizontally.
  - Additional framing (metal stud) shall be furnished at 24-inch centers to adequately support the FRP sheets.
7. Computer Access Floor