SAES-M-001 PDF – Structural Design Criteria for Non-Building Structures

This article is about SAES-M-001 which is about Structural Design Criteria for Non-Building Structures and download SAES-M-001 PDF for Structural and Civil engineers, supervisors and project managers, Structural QCs, Civil QC Supervisors. This is saudi aramco standards of Onshore Structures Engineering based on international codes and standards and useful for Structural and Civil Engineering knowledge to get job as engineers, QC Supervisors and QC managers, Engineering managers and technicians.

SAES-M-001 PDF download

SAES-M-001

Structural Design Criteria for Non-Building Structures

SAES-M-001 is a standard that outlines the mandatory minimum requirements for the structural design of onshore facilities, excluding buildings, pre-engineered buildings, blast-resistant buildings, communication towers, and offshore structures. Here are some key points and commentary notes related to this standard:

• Buildings: The term “building” refers to enclosed structures such as houses, office buildings, maintenance shops, warehouses, etc. The design requirements for buildings are covered by SAES-M-100, which is the Saudi Aramco Building Code.
• Communication towers: The design criteria and installation guidelines for communication towers are covered by SAES-T-744. These structures have specific design requirements that differ significantly from the American Institute of Steel Construction (AISC) standards. Therefore, SAES-T-744 must be followed for the design of communication towers.
• Offshore structures: SAES-M-005, titled “Design and Construction of Fixed Offshore Platforms,” is the applicable standard for the design and construction of offshore structures. It is based on API RP2A, which is an industry code specifically developed for offshore platforms. API RP2A standards vary significantly from the AISC standards and must be applied for the design of offshore structures.
• Pre-engineered buildings: The design and construction of pre-engineered buildings are covered by 12-SAMSS-014, which is a specific Saudi Aramco Material System Specification.
• Blast-resistant buildings: SAES-M-009 provides the requirements for blast-resistant buildings. These buildings are designed to withstand the effects of explosive events or other hazardous conditions.

Each of these categories has its own dedicated standard or code to ensure that the design and construction requirements are appropriate and specific to the particular type of structure. This ensures the safety, integrity, and performance of the facilities in accordance with Saudi Aramco’s standards and guidelines.

Industry Codes and Standards for Non-Building Structures

The following industry codes and standards are relevant to the design and construction of various structures:

American Association of State Highway & Transportation Officials (AASHTO):

• AASHTO HB: Specifications for Highway Bridges

American Concrete Institute (ACI):

• ACI 318/318R: Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete and Commentary
• ACI 350: Code Requirements for Environmental Engineering Concrete Structures
• ACI 530/ASCE 5/TMS402: Building Code Requirements for Masonry Structures

American Institute of Steel Construction (AISC):

• AISC: Steel Construction Manual – Thirteenth Edition
• AISC: Specification for Structural Joints Using ASTM A325 or ASTM A490 Bolts
• ANSI/AISC 341: Seismic Provisions for Structural Steel Buildings

American Iron and Steel Institute (AISI):

• AISI – SG 673, Part I: Specification for the Design for Cold-Formed Steel Structural Members
• AISI – SG 673, Part II: Commentary on the Specification for the Design for Cold-Formed Steel Structural Members
• AISI – SG 913, Part I: Load and Resistance Factor Design Specification for Cold-Formed Steel Structural Members
• AISI – SG 913, Part II: Commentary on the Load and Resistance Factor Design Specification for Cold-Formed Steel Structural Members

American National Standards Institute (ANSI):

• ANSI A1264.1: Safety Requirements for Workplace Walking/Working Surfaces and Their Access – Workplace Floor, Wall, and Roof Openings – Stairs and Guardrail Systems

American Petroleum Institute (API):

• API STD 650: Welded Steel Tanks for Oil Storage

American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE):

• ASCE/SEI 7-05: Minimum Design Loads for Buildings and Other Structures
• SEI/ASCE 37-02: Design Loads on Structures During Construction
• ASCE – Report: Guidelines for Seismic Evaluation and Design of Petrochemical Facilities
• ASCE – Report: Wind Loads and Anchor Bolt Design for Petrochemical Facilities

American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME):

• ASME A17.1: Safety Code for Elevators and Escalators

American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM):

• ASTM A36/A36M: Standard Specification for Carbon Structural Steel
• ASTM A193/A193M: Standard Specification for Alloy-Steel and Stainless Steel Bolting for High Temperature or High-Pressure Service and Other Special Purpose Applications
• ASTM A307: Standard Specification for Carbon Steel Bolts and Studs, 60,000 psi Tensile Strength
• ASTM A325: Standard Specification for Structural Bolts, Steel, Heat Treated, 120/105 ksi Minimum Tensile Strength
• ASTM A325M: Standard Specification for Structural Bolts, Steel, Heat Treated 830 MPa Minimum Tensile Strength [Metric]
• ASTM A354: Standard Specification for Quenched and Tempered Alloy Steel Bolts, Studs, and Other Externally Threaded Fasteners
• ASTM A490: Standard Specification for Structural Bolts, Alloy Steel, Heat Treated, 150 ksi Minimum Tensile Strength
• ASTM A490M: Standard Specification for High-Strength Steel Bolts, Classes 10.9 and 10.9.3, for Structural Steel Joints (Metric)
• ASTM A572/A572M: Standard Specification for High-Strength Low-Alloy Columbium-Vanadium Structural Steel
• ASTM A992/A992M: Standard Specification for Structural Steel Shapes

The American Welding Society (AWS):

• AWS D1.1/ D1.1M: Structural Welding Code – Steel

Crane Manufacturers Association of

America (CMAA):

• Spec #70: Specifications for Top Running Bridge and Gantry Type Multiple Girder Electric Overhead Traveling Cranes
• Spec #74: Specifications for Top Running and Under Running Single Girder Electrical Overhead Cranes Utilizing Under Running Trolley Hoist

Precast/Prestressed Concrete Institute (PCI):

• PCI – MNL 120: Design Handbook, Precast and Prestressed Concrete
• PCI – MNL 122: Architectural Precast Concrete

Steel Deck Institute (SDI):

• Design Manual for Composite Decks, Form Decks, and Roof Decks – No. 31

Steel Joist Institute (SJI):

• Standard Specifications and Load Tables for Steel Joists and Joist Girders

Government Regulations:

• Federal Standards and Instructions of the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA 1910), including any requirements by Saudi Aramco Standards O-Series, Safety & Security Standards
• US Department of Labor, Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA):
• OSHA 29 CFR 1910: Occupational Safety and Health Standards
• OSHA 29 CFR 1926: Safety and Health Regulations for Construction

These codes and standards provide guidelines and requirements for the design, construction, and safety of various structures and systems.

Design Loads

The design loads for structures, as outlined in the provided information, are as follows:

5.1 General:

• New facilities and structures should be designed to resist the minimum loads defined in ASCE/SEI 7-05 and the requirements of this section.
• Other loads such as snow, ice, rain, hydrostatic, dynamic, upset conditions, earth pressure, vehicles, buoyancy, and erection should be considered.
• Future loads should be considered if specified in the project specifications or by Saudi Aramco.
• Actual loads may be used for existing facilities instead of the minimum specified loads.
• Eccentric loads, such as piping and platforms, should be considered.

5.2 Dead Loads (D):

• Dead loads refer to the actual weight of materials forming the structure, foundation, and permanently attached appurtenances.
• Fixed process equipment and machinery, piping, valves, electrical cable trays, and their contents should be considered as dead loads.

Nomenclature for Dead Loads:

• Ds (Structure dead load): Weight of materials forming the structure, foundation, soil above the foundation resisting uplift, and permanently attached appurtenances.
• Df (Erection dead load): Weight of process equipment or vessels during erection.
• De (Empty dead load): Empty weight of process equipment, vessels, tanks, piping, and cable trays.
• Do (Operating dead load): Empty weight of process equipment, vessels, tanks, piping, and cable trays plus the maximum weight of contents during normal operation.
• Dt (Test dead load): Empty weight of process equipment or vessels, and/or piping plus the weight of the test medium contained in the system during testing.

5.2.4 Process Equipment Loads:

• Df (Erection dead load): Normally taken from the certified vessel drawing and represents the fabricated weight of process equipment.
• De (Empty dead load): Empty weight of process equipment and vessels, including attachments, trays, internals, insulation, fireproofing, agitators, piping, ladders, platforms, and machinery.
• Do (Operating dead load): Empty dead load plus the maximum weight of contents during normal operation, including packing/catalyst.
• Dt (Test dead load): Empty dead load plus the weight of the test medium contained in the system during testing, with a minimum specific gravity of 1.0 unless otherwise specified.

5.2.4.5 and 5.2.4.6 provide additional considerations for hydrotesting and test procedures for vapor lines and equipment.

For major equipment, the manufacturer’s certified equipment loads should be used in the design.

These guidelines help ensure that structures are designed to withstand the appropriate dead loads based on their intended use and operating conditions.

Pipe Rack Piping Loads

The piping loads on pipe racks can be estimated as follows:

5.2.5.1 Piping Loads on Pipe Racks:

• Operating dead load (Do): A uniformly distributed load of 40 pounds per square foot (psf) or 1.9 kilopascals (kPa) is used for piping, product, and insulation. This is equivalent to 8-inch (203 mm) diameter, Schedule 40 pipes, full of water, at 15-inch (381 mm) spacing.
• Empty dead load (De): For checking uplift and components controlled by minimum loading, 60% of the estimated piping operating loads should be used if combined with wind or earthquake unless the actual conditions require a different percentage.
• Test dead load (Dt): It is the empty weight of the pipe plus the weight of the test medium contained in a set of simultaneously tested piping systems. The test medium should be as specified in the contract documents or by the owner. Unless otherwise specified, a minimum specific gravity of 1.0 should be used for the test medium.

5.2.5.2 Larger Pipes (>12-inch nominal diameter):

• For pipes larger than 12-inch (304 mm) nominal diameter, a concentrated load, including the weight of piping, product, valves, fittings, and insulation, should be used instead of the uniformly distributed 40 psf (1.9 kPa). This load should be uniformly distributed over the associated area of the pipe.

5.2.5.3 Design of Pipe Racks and Foundations:

• Pipe racks and their foundations should be designed to support loads associated with full utilization of the available rack space and any specified future expansion. This ensures that the pipe racks can accommodate the required loads and potential future growth.

These guidelines help estimate the dead loads imposed by the piping system on the pipe racks and ensure that the racks and their foundations are designed to withstand the anticipated loads and potential future expansion.

Pipe Rack Cable Tray Loads

The dead loads for cable trays on pipe racks can be estimated as follows:

a. Operating dead load (Do):

• For a single level of cable trays: A uniformly distributed dead load of 20 pounds per square foot (psf) or 1.0 kilopascals (kPa) should be used.
• For a double level of cable trays: A uniformly distributed dead load of 40 psf (1.9 kPa) should be used.
  These values estimate the full (maximum) level of cables in the trays.

b. Empty dead load (De):

• For checking uplift and components controlled by minimum loading, the actual configuration of the cable tray load should be considered as the empty dead load. The specific level of cables and configuration should be taken into account.
• Engineering judgment should be exercised in defining the dead load for uplift conditions, ensuring that the cable tray load is appropriately considered for the specific conditions.

These estimates provide guidelines for estimating the dead loads imposed by cable trays on pipe racks. The operating dead load accounts for the maximum level of cables in the trays, while the empty dead load considers the actual cable tray configuration for uplift and minimum loading checks. Actual load information can be used if available and more accurate than the estimated values.

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