Table of Contents
| Section | Title | Page |
| Purpose | 2 | |
| Scope | 2 | |
| Related Documents | 3 | |
| Design Requirements | 5 | |
| Shop Drawings and Approval | 6 | |
| Material Requirements | 6 | |
| Welding Requirements | 9 | |
| Fabrication Requirements | 10 | |
| Protective Coating Systems | 12 | |
| Product Marking, Handling, and Shipping | 13 | |
| Inspection and Testing | 14 | |
| Authority to Reject | 15 | |
| Liability for Defective Material | 15 | |
| Change Log | 15 |
1. purpose
1.1 This specification defines for the fabrication contractor the minimum requirements for detailing and shop fabrication of miscellaneous metals.
2. scope
2.1 The fabrication contractor hereinafter known as the “fabricator” shall furnish all supervision, labor, tools, equipment, and material necessary to satisfy the contractual miscellaneous metal fabrication requirements.
2.2 The scope of work includes procurement of material, preparation of shop detail and erection drawings, fabrication, painting, galvanizing, testing, inspection, and shipment of the fabricated steel to the jobsite for erection by others.
2.3 Items to be fabricated might include the following; however Air Products Design drawings will govern as to the actual project-specific requirements. Concrete embedments Door, louver, and window frames constituting part of the steel framing Equipment supports Expansion joints connected to the steel framing Fasteners for connecting structural items Permanent shop bolts Shop bolts for shipment Field bolts for permanent connections Floor plates (raised pattern and/or smooth) Grating, grating treads, grating clips, and associated fasteners Ladders, ladder cages, and safety gates Cold Box Platform support steel Railing for platforms, ramps, and stairs Special pipe supports Standard pipe supports Stairs
2.4 Documents to be submitted to Air Products by the fabricator include all of the following: Certified Mill Test Reports Certificates of Conformance to the specifications for materials used in fabrication Certificates of Compliance that the hot-dip galvanized coating meets or exceeds the specified requirements Shop detail and erection drawings Substitutions Welding Procedures
2.5 Work not part of this specification and which will be performed by others includes the following: Off-loading materials at the jobsite Assembly and erection at the jobsite Grouting Field touch-up painting Field finish painting
2.6 Related materials to be furnished and installed by others and not part of this specification are: Anchors embedded in concrete Anchors field installed into concrete or masonry Open web steel joists Metal floor deck Slide plate assemblies
3. RELATED DOCUMENTS
3.1 In conjunction with this specification, the following specifications shall also be used as applicable. The latest edition at the time the bid is submitted shall govern.
3.2 Air Products Engineering Documents 600.002 General Project Data 4WEQ-6804 Painting and Corrosion Protection of New Construction for Design Temperature to 649°C (1200°F)
3.3 American Institute of Steel Construction, Inc. (AISC) Manual of Steel Construction – 14th Edition Part 16 – Specifications and Codes Detailing for Steel Construction
3.4 American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) *Denotes inclusion in AISC Manual* A 6/A 6M Specification for General Requirements for Rolled Structural Steel Bars, Plates, Shapes, and Sheet Piling * A 36/A 36M Specification for Carbon Structural Steel * A 53/A 53M Specification for Pipe, Steel, Black and Hot‑Dipped, Zinc-Coated Welded and Seamless A 106/A 106M Specification for Seamless Carbon Steel Pipe for High‑Temperature Service A 108 Specification for Steel Bar, Carbon and Alloy, Cold Finished A 123/A 123M Specification for Zinc (Hot-Dip Galvanized) Coatings on Iron and Steel Products A 143/A 143M Practice for Safeguarding Against Embrittlement of Hot‑Dip Galvanized Structural Steel Products and Procedure for Detecting Embrittlement A 153/A 153M Specification for Zinc Coating (Hot-Dip) on Iron and Steel Hardware A 240/A 240M Specification for Chromium and Chromium-Nickel Stainless Steel Plate, Sheet and Strip for Pressure Vessels and for General Applications A 276 Specification for Stainless Steel Bars and Shapes A 283/A 283 M Specification for Low and Intermediate Tensile Strength Carbon Steel Plates * A 307 Specification for Carbon Steel Bolts and Studs, 60 000 psi Tensile Strength A 312/A 312M Specification for Seamless, Welded and Heavily Cold Worked Austenitic Stainless Steel Pipes * A 325 Specification for Structural Bolts, Steel, Heat Treated, 120/105 ksi Minimum Tensile Strength A 384/A 384M Practice for Safeguarding Against Warpage and Distortion During Hot-Dip Galvanizing of Steel Assemblies A 385/ A 385M Practice for Providing High-Quality Zinc Coatings (Hot-Dip) A 435/A 435M Specification for Straight-Beam Ultrasonic Examination of Steel Plates A 480/A 480M Specification for General Requirements for Flat-Rolled Stainless and Heat‑Resisting Steel Plate, Sheet and Strip * A 500/A 500M Specification for Cold-Formed Welded and Seamless Carbon Steel Structural Tubing in Rounds and Shapes * A 501 Specification for Hot-Formed Welded and Seamless Carbon Steel Structural Tubing A 530/A 530M Specification for General Requirements for Specialized Carbon and Alloy Steel Pipe * A 563 Specification for Carbon and Alloy Steel Nuts A 572/A 572M Specification for High-Strength Low-Alloy Columbian-Vanadium Structural Steel A 780/A 780M Practice for Repair of Damaged and Uncoated Areas of Hot-Dip Galvanized Coatings A 786/A 786M Specification for Hot-Rolled Carbon, Low-Alloy, High-Strength Low-Alloy and Alloy Steel Floor Plates A 992/A 992M Specification for Steel for Structural Shapes A 1011/A 1011M Specification for Steel, Sheet and Strip, Hot-Rolled, Carbon, Structural, High-Strength Low-Alloy and High-Strength Low-Alloy with Improved Formability B 221 Specification for Aluminum and Aluminum-Alloy Extruded Bars, Rods, Wires, Profiles, and Tubes B 241/B 241M Specification for Aluminum and Aluminum-Alloy Seamless Pipe and Seamless Extruded Tube F 593 Specification for Stainless Steel Bolts, Hex Cap Screws, and Studs F 594 Specification for Stainless Steel Nuts F 844 Specification for Washers, Steel, Plain (Flat), Unhardened for General Use
3.5 American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) B1.1 Unified Inch Screw Threads B18.2.1 Square, Hex, Heavy Hex, and Askew Head Bolts and Hex, Heavy Hex, Hex Flange, Lobed Head, and Lag Screws (Inch Series) B18.2.2 Nuts for General Applications: Machine Screw Nuts, Hex, Square, Hex Flange, and Coupling Nuts (Inch Series) B18.21.1 Washers: Helical Spring-Lock, Tooth Lock, and Plain Washers (Inch Series)
3.6 American Society of Nondestructive Testing (ASNT) SNT-TC-1A Recommended Practice For Personal Qualification and Certification in Nondestructive Testing NDTM Level II
3.7 American Welding Society (AWS)*Denotes inclusion in AISC Manual A2.4 Standard Symbols for Welding, Brazing and Nondestructive Examination * A5.1 Specification for Carbon Steel Electrodes for Shielded Metal Arc Welding A5.4 Specification for Stainless Steel Electrodes for Shielded Metal Arc Welding A5.9 Specification for Bare Stainless Steel Welding Electrodes and Rods* A5.17/A5.17M Specification for Carbon Steel Electrodes and Fluxes for Submerged Arc Welding * A5.18/A5.18M Specification for Carbon Steel Filler Metals for Gas Shielded Arc Welding * A5.36/A5.36M Specification for Carbon Steel Electrodes for Flux Cored Arc Welding * D1.1/D1.1M Structural Welding Code – Steel D1.2 Structural Welding Code – Aluminum QC1 Standard for AWS Certification of Welding Inspectors
4. DESIGN REQUIREMENTS
4.1 General
4.1.1 Detailing of structural steel and related items shall be according to the AISC Manual of Steel Construction, AISC Specification for Structural Steel Buildings, AISC Code of Standard Practice for Steel Buildings and Bridges and the AISC Detailing for Steel Construction text together with additional requirements specified in this section.
4.1.2 The fabricator is fully responsible for the content of the shop detail and erection drawings.
4.1.3 The fabricator shall detail connections where applicable based on the information shown on the Air Products standard drawings. The fabricator shall also use the information in paragraph 4.2 to develop connections according to AISC specifications.
4.1.4 The fabricator shall plan and detail the assembly of the structure to minimize the amount of field work required. Field welding shall be held to the practical minimum.
4.1.5 Weld indication on shop detail and erection drawings shall be made with AWS symbols according to AWS A2.4.
4.2 Connection Design
4.2.1 Bolted connections shown on the standard construction drawings for ladders, ladder cages, railings, stair grating treads, and FRP safety gates shall be made with ASTM A 307 bolts of the size indicated.
4.2.2 Bolted connections for secondary member framing (for example, for doors, louvers, windows, stair stringers, and stair landings) and for expansion joints shall be made with 3/4-inch minimum diameter ASTM A 307 bolts.
4.2.3 Connections for primary members in cold box platforms shall be bearing type. Bolts shall be 3/4‑inch diameter or larger ASTM A 325-N. If slip-critical type connections are required, the connection shall be made using 3/4-inch diameter or larger ASTM A 325-SC high-strength bolts with one hardened washer and one load indicator washer and will be specified on the drawings.
4.2.4 Minimum field connections shall contain not less than two bolts and shall be capable of resisting a 6 kip load.
4.2.5 Unless otherwise specified, all shop connections shall be welded and field connections shall be bolted.
4.2.6 All ASTM A 307 and A 325-N bolts shall be tightened to a “snug-tight” condition, which is defined as tightening the bolt using the full effort of a man using an ordinary “spud” wrench.
4.2.7 Beam connections shall be designed and furnished according to the AISC Manual of Steel Construction, Design of Simple Shear Connections, Tables 10-1 and 10-2. For slip-critical connections, faying surfaces of connections shall be assumed to have a Class “A” or Class “C” finish as determined in Appendix “A” of the RCSC Specification for Structural Joints using ASTM A325 or A490 Bolts. Double angles for beam connection shall have a minimum thickness of 5/16 inch.
5. SHOP DRAWINGS AND APPROVAL
5.1 Shop Drawing Content
5.1.1 Erection diagrams shall delineate piece marks, field welds, and other pertinent erection work, and any other required field work.
5.1.2 Shop detail drawings shall show information necessary for the fabrication of the component parts of the structure, including the location, type, and size of all welds and bolts. The shop detail drawings shall clearly distinguish between shop and field welds and between shop and field bolted connections.
5.1.3 A material list (bill of material) shall be included on each shop detail drawing. The weight of each part and the total weight of each assembly shall be shown.
5.1.4 Each shop detail and erection drawing title block shall show as a minimum: Fabricator’s name, address, and phone number. Fabricator’s job and drawing number. Customer’s name. Project or facility name. Customer’s purchase order number.
5.2 Submission of Shop Drawings
5.2.1 Shop detail and erection drawings prepared and checked by the fabricator shall be submitted for review according to the following:
5.2.2 The fabricator shall submit two copies of each shop detail and erection drawing to Air Products, Allentown, PA for approval.
5.2.3 One set of drawings will be returned to the fabricator stamped “Approved” or “Approved as Noted.” Drawings stamped “Approved as Noted” shall be corrected accordingly and two copies resubmitted to Air Products for final approval. One set of such final approved drawings will be returned to the fabricator who shall then furnish one reproducible set of all shop detail and erection drawings to Air Products. Cost of all such drawings shall be included in the contract price.
5.2.4 Fabrication shall not begin until the fabricator has received the “Approved” shop detail and erection drawing.
5.2.5 Air Products approval of shop detail and erection drawings does not relieve the fabricator of the responsibility for accuracy of detail dimensions on shop drawings, nor the general fit-up of parts to be assembled in the field.
6. MATERIAL REQUIREMENTS
6.1 General: All material shall be new, of first quality, free of defects and imperfections, and of recent manufacture. Materials shall be of the classification, grade, or type as herein specified and shall be according to all applicable referenced documents.
6.2 Substitutions shall not be made by the fabricator unless approval in writing has been granted by the Air Products engineer. All proposed substitutions of materials or modification of details, or both, and the reasons therefore shall be submitted in writing to Air Products for written approval. Necessary changes in related portions of the work (for example, as a result of approval of substitutions) by Air Products shall be accomplished by the fabricator at no additional cost to Air Products.
6.3 Structural Steel Shapes, Bars, and Plates
6.3.1 Unless noted otherwise in the contract documents, all W, M, S, HP, C, and MC-shapes shall be according to ASTM A 992/A 992M.
6.3.2 Angles, structural steel bars, and plates shall be according to ASTM A 36, except plate to be bent or cold-formed shall be according to ASTM A 283/A 283M, Grade C.
6.4 Structural Steel Tubing
6.4.1 Structural steel tubing, hot and cold formed, welded and seamless shall be according to the following specifications: Round Structural Tubing (cold-formed) – ASTM A 500, Grade B Square and Rectangular Structural Tubing (cold-formed) – ASTM A 500, Grade B Round, Square, and Rectangular Structural Tubing (hot-formed) – ASTM A 501 Grade A
6.5 Steel Pipe
6.5.1 Steel pipe for structural supports shall be standard weight according to ASTM A 53/A 53M, Grade B and shall be either Type E (Electric-Resistance Welded) or Type S (Seamless). Extra-strong or double-extra-strong pipe shall be furnished when indicated on the contract documents. All pipe shall be manufactured black. Pipe in sizes less than 2 1/2 inch diameter may be furnished according to ASTM A 106/A 106M Grade B.
6.6 Rolled Steel Floor Plate
6.6.1 Hot-rolled floor plate shall be according to ASTM A 786/A 786M, Pattern No. 3 for general use and Pattern No. 4 for stair tread nosing. Floor plate shall be of the thickness as indicated on the drawings and shall not include the depth of the raised pattern.
6.7 Sheet Steel, Commercial Quality: Low-carbon, hot-rolled sheet steel, commercial quality shall be according to ASTM A 1011/A 1011M. The sheets shall be furnished pickled and oiled.
6.8 Sheet Steel, Structural Quality: Carbon, hot-rolled sheet of structural quality shall be according to ASTM A 1011/A 1011M. The steel shall be Grade 36 unless otherwise specified on the drawings or in the Bill of Material. The sheets shall be furnished pickled and oiled.
6.9 Expanded Sheet Metal: Flattened expanded metal shall be style designation “1/2 inch No. 16 gage” unless otherwise indicated, and shall be according to ASTM A 1011/A 1011M for low-carbon, hot-rolled sheets, commercial quality. Material shall be furnished pickled and oiled.
6.10 High-Strength Steel Bolts
6.10.1 High-strength, heavy hex head steel bolts of 1/2 inch to 1 1/2 inch diameter inclusive shall be according to ASTM A 325, Type 1. Heavy-hex steel nuts shall be according to ASTM A 563, Grade DH. Hardened steel washers (flat, circular, and square or rectangular beveled) shall be according to ASTM F 436, Type 1. Threads shall be course series, Class 2A tolerance for bolts and Class 2B tolerance for nuts according to ASME B1.1. Dimensions of bolts shall be according to ASME B18.2.1 and nuts to ASME B18.2.2. Bolt and nut threads shall be lubricated and shall be clean and dry to touch.
6.11 Common Steel Bolts, Nuts and Washers
6.11.1 Common hex head steel bolts, 1/4 inch nominal diameter and larger, shall be according to ASTM A 307, Grade A. Steel nuts shall be according to ASTM A 563, Grade A. Nuts shall be hex up to 1 1/2 inch nominal size and heavy hex over 1 1/2 inch nominal size. Plain (flat) unhardened steel washers shall be according to ASTM F 844. Threads shall be course series, Class 2A tolerance for bolts and Class 2B tolerance for nuts according to ASME B1.1. Dimensions of bolts shall be according to ASME B18.2.1, nuts shall be according to ASME B18.2.2, and washers to ASME B18.21.1.
6.12 Weldable Steel Studs
6.12.1 Steel stud shear connectors specifically made for welding to steel shall be according to the requirements of the Structural Welding Code – Steel, AWS D1.1/D1.1M, and to ASTM A 108, Specification for Steel Bars, Cold Finished, Standard Quality, AISI Grades 1010 through 1020. Headed studs in diameters of 1/2, 5/8, 3/4 and 7/8 inch shall have mechanical properties according to AWS, Type B (tensile strength 60,000 psi, minimum and yield strength 50,000 psi, minimum). Headed studs in diameters of 1/4-inch and 3/8-inch shall have a tensile strength of 55,000 psi, minimum and a yield strength of 50,000 psi, minimum. The stud manufacturer’s certification shall constitute sufficient evidence of conformity with the code.
6.12.2 Nelsonâ Stud Welding Division, Elyria, OH is an approved stud manufacturer. Nelson manufactures the following standard in‑stock studs: H4L Headed Concrete Anchors, stud diameter 1/4, 3/8, 1/2, and 5/8 inch; S3L Shear Connectors, stud diameter 3/4 and 7/8 inch.
6.13 Welding Electrodes
6.13.1 Electrodes and filler metal for all carbon steel welding processes shall produce a low hydrogen deposit of 70,000 pounds per square inch minimum tensile strength with impact properties of 20 foot-pounds at -20°F. Detailed specifications for the various electrodes shall be as follows: Specification for Carbon Steel Electrodes for Shielded Metal Arc Welding, AWS A5.1 (Class E70XX Electrodes). Specification for Carbon Steel Electrodes and Fluxes for Submerged Arc Welding, AWS A5.17, (Class 7XX-EXX Electrodes). Specification for Carbon Steel Filler Metals for Gas Shielded Arc Welding, AWS A5.18/ A5.18M, (Class E70S-X Electrodes). Specification for Carbon Steel Electrodes for Flux Cored Arc Welding, AWS A5.36/A5.36M, (Class E70 T-X Electrodes).
6.13.2 Welding electrodes for welding stainless steel and/or stainless to carbon steel shall be according to one of the following specifications: Specification for Stainless Steel Welding Electrodes for Shielded Metal Arc Welding, AWS A5.4. Specification for Bare Stainless Steel Welding Electrodes and Rods, AWS A5.9.
6.14 Stainless Steel: Austenitic grade stainless steel shall be AISI Type Number 304 (UNS Designation S30400), unless otherwise indicated, and shall also be according to the following ASTM specifications:
6.14.1 Bars and Shapes Material shall be according to ASTM A 276 Hot and cold finished bars (flats, rounds, squares, hexagons and octagons) Hot-rolled and extruded shapes (such as, angles, tees, and channels) Material shall be furnished as Condition A-annealed The minimum acceptable surface preparation for shapes shall be Class A All material shall be descaled by blast cleaning or pickling
6.14.2 Plates, Sheet, and Strip Material shall be according to ASTM A 240/A 240M and ASTM A 480/A 480M for the General Requirements. Plate – Material 3/16″ and over in thickness and over 10″ in width – hot-rolled or cold-rolled and annealed or heat treated and blast cleaned or pickled. Sheet – Material under 3/16″ in thickness and 24″ and over in width – No. 1 Finish – hot-rolled, annealed, and descaled or No. 2D Finish – cold rolled, dull finish. Strip – Cold-rolled material under 3/16″ in thickness and under 24″ in width – No. 1 Finish – cold-rolled, annealed and descaled.
6.14.3 Pipe Material shall be according to ASTM A 312/A 312M. Seamless and straight seam welded pipe either hot finished or cold finished at the manufacturer’s option. Pipe shall be furnished in Grade TP304, heat treated. Pipe larger than NPS 14 may be produced by forming and welding two longitudinal sections of flat stock. The pipe shall be made free of scale and contaminating iron particles by pickling or blasting according to ASTM A 530.
6.14.4 Bolts, Nuts, and Washers Bolts shall be according to ASTM F 593, nuts shall be according to ASTM F 594, and washers shall be according to ASTM A 240/A 240M. Includes hex bolts, hex cap screws (finished hex bolts), studs and hex nuts 0.25 to 1.50 inch nominal diameter inclusive. Material shall be according to austenitic alloy Group 1 (303, 303SE, 304, 305, 384, XM1 and XM7) and manufactured according to Condition CW. Dimensions for hex bolts, hex cap screws, and studs shall be according to ASME B18.2.1 and Class 2A tolerance threads according to ASME B1.1. Dimensions for hex nuts shall be according to ASME B18.2.2 and Class 2B tolerance threads according to ASME B1.1. Dimensions for washers shall be according to ASME B18.21.1, Type A, Plain.
6.14.5 Expanded Sheet Metal: Flattened expanded metal shall be style designation “1/2-inch x No. 16 gage” unless otherwise indicated and shall be according to ASTM A 240/A 240M.
6.15 Aluminum: Angles shall be according to ASTM B 221 Grade 5083F. Pipe posts shall be according to ASTM B 241 Grade 6061 T6.
7. WELDING REQUIREMENTS
7.1 All steel welding shall be performed according to AWS D1.1/D1.1M. All aluminum welding shall be performed according to AWS D1.2.
7.2 All welders and tackers shall be qualified according to AWS D1.1/D1.1M. All inspectors used for visual weld inspection shall be certified according to the provisions of AWS QC1. Personnel performing nondestructive testing shall be qualified according to the current edition of ASNT SNT-TC-1A, NDT Level II.
7.3 Welding processes shall be limited to shielded metal arc welding (SMAW), gas metal arc welding (GMAW), flux cored gas shielded arc welding (FCAW), and submerged arc welding (SAW). Electro-slag and electro-gas welding processes are prohibited.
7.4 The following additional requirements shall be part of this section:
7.4.1 Undercuts in excess of tolerances provided by AWS D1.1/D1.1M shall be corrected by cleaning and welding in strict accordance with AWS D1.1/D1.1M.
7.4.2 Unless otherwise exempted by the drawings, all groove welds shall be complete penetration welds according to AWS D1.1/D1.1M, Section 2.9.
7.4.3 Welding run-off tabs shall be cut off and ground smooth at the edge of the finished member.
7.4.4 Tack welds that are not incorporated into the final weld shall be removed and ground smooth.
7.4.5 Inadvertent arc strikes shall be removed by grinding.
8. FABRICATION REQUIREMENTS
8.1 Fabrication shall be performed according to the applicable portions of the AISC Manual of Steel Construction, Specification for Structural Steel Buildings, and the Code of Standard Practice for Steel Buildings and Bridges.
8.2 Fabrication tolerances shall be according to the AISC Code of Standard Practice, Section 6.4, unless otherwise indicated on the drawings.
8.3 The following additional requirements shall be part of this section:
8.3.1 Work shall be performed according to the fabricator’s erection and shop detail drawings prepared by or for the fabricator. The drawings shall be reviewed and approved by Air Products before the start of fabrication.
8.3.2 Material shall be fabricated and assembled in the shop to the greatest practical extent.
8.3.3 Materials that are distorted during fabrication or materials that are required to be fabricated tolerances exceeding those set forth in ASTM A 6/A 6M shall be adjusted by the fabricator using mechanical means and/or the application of heat.
8.3.4 Application of heat to materials shall be as specified in AWS D1.1.
8.3.5 Steel may be flame cut by hand or machine. Use of machine method is preferred.
8.3.6 Flame-cut surfaces shall be according to tolerances set forth in AWS D1.1.
8.3.7 Parts not completely assembled in the shop shall be secured by bolts, when practicable, to prevent damage in shipment and handling.
8.3.8 All structural steel shall be kept clean; handling shall be done in a manner to minimize damage to primer or to the steel shapes.
8.3.9 Oxygen-fuel cutting (burning) of holes or pilot holes for drilling is not permitted.
8.3.10 If laminations are discovered in material during fabrication, the material shall be either discarded or investigated using ultrasound examination according to ASTM A 435/A 435M, then repaired according to AWS D1.1/D1.1M, Section 3, or replaced. If in the opinion of the fabricator the material, after repair, is acceptable, it may be used in fabrication. Documentation of the repair shall be maintained in the fabricator’s records.
8.3.11 Steel assemblies fabricated by welding that are to be hot-dip galvanized after fabrication shall be subject to the safeguards against warpage and distortion during hot-dip galvanizing that are recommended in ASTM A 384 and ASTM A 385.
8.3.12 After galvanizing, steel shall be checked and straightened to as true an alignment as is practical to attain from any warpage, bending, twisting, or distortion from the original.
8.3.13 Toeplates, banding, ribs, counterforts, and all cutouts required for fitting to the structural steel framing and similar details shall be shop fabricated and assembled to minimize field work.
8.3.14 Joints exposed to weather shall be formed and sealed to exclude water.
8.3.15 Fabrication practices for items to be hot-dip galvanized shall be according to the applicable portions of ASTM A 143, A 384, and A 385.
8.4 Floor and Stair Grating
8.4.1 Steel for floor and stair tread grating shall be according to ASTM A 1011 for low carbon hot-rolled sheet and strip, commercial quality. For steel bars in thickness of 3/16 inch and over, ASTM A 36 shall apply. Floor and stair tread grating shall be manufactured according to NAAMM recommendations.
8.4.2 Unless otherwise indicated on the drawings, steel grating for floors, platforms, stair landing, and other locations shall be the welded rectangular type having 1 1/4 inch x 3/16 inch serrated bearing bars (plain bearing bars for interior applications) on 1 3/16 inch centers with cross bars at 4-inch centers. Cross bars shall be electro-welded into bearing bars. Grating shall be Type W/B (NAAMM type W-19-4) as manufactured by IKG Borden, or approved in writing by Air Products.
8.4.3 Grating stair treads shall be the same style as the floor grating except the allowable clear span shall be as follows: Bearing Bar Size Plain (Max. Length) Serrated (Max. Length) 1″ x 3/16″ 3′ 0″ 2′ 6″ 1 1/4″ x 3/16″ 4′ 0″ 3′ 5″
8.4.4 Carrier plates for grating treads shall be punched with a 7/16 inch hole and a 7/16 x 1 1/4 inch slot for securing tread to stair stringers with 3/8 inch diameter A 307 bolts.
8.4.5 Full-width nosings for stair treads and the platform grating at the head of stairways and landing platforms shall be 1 1/4 x 1 1/4 x 3/16 inch thick bent rolled steel floor plate be according to ASTM A 786/A 786M, Pattern No. 4. The nosing shall be shop welded to the bearing bars and carrier plates according to NAAMM recommendations.
8.4.6 Grating panels shall be anchored to the supporting steel members with No. 14 gage type F-9 galvanized saddle clips (4 per panel) and No. 14 FABCO/H-3, Series 300, stainless steel Type B hexagonal head self-tapping screws or HILTI power-driven zinc-plated fasteners 1/4 inch-20, 0.145 inch shank diameter, with a thread length to suit depth of grating and saddle clip. Alternates approved for anchoring grating are Grate Clamp, Engineered Products, Inc., 1844 Ardmore Boulevard, Pittsburgh, PA and G-Clips, Grating Fasteners Inc., New Orleans, LA.
8.4.7 All openings and cutouts shall be banded with load-carrying bands. Grating penetration collars as manufactured by Intrepid Industries, Inc., LaPorte TX, are recommended for penetrations up to 14 inches in diameter. All ends of grating panels shall be trim banded. Panels shall be split to fit around pipes, vessels, and building columns. Lengths of grating panels shall not exceed 13 ft unless otherwise designated on the construction drawings.
8.4.8 Grating shall be fabricated to maintain the standard installation clearances as recommended in the NAAMM Metal Bar Grating Manual.
8.5 Pipe Railing
8.5.1 Pipe railing shall be of flush, welded construction and shall be fabricated from 1 1/2 inch nominal pipe size (1.90 inch outside diameter) standard weight steel pipe. Pipe sleeves shall be 1-inch nominal pipe size (1.32 inch outside diameter) standard weight steel pipe. Pipe shall be according to ASTM A 53/A 53M, Grade B, Type S (seamless). Railing shall be manufactured according to NAAMM Recommendation Pipe Railing Manual.
8.5.2 All cut, mitered, or coped edges of railing surfaces shall be free from burrs or other roughness and all welds shall be ground to provide a smooth rail surface.
8.5.3 Standard commercial flush fittings such as ells, tees, and crosses may be used instead of mitered and coped joints or shop-bent transitions. Pipe and fittings may be connected together, before welding, with commercial internal type connectors. All joints shall be welded and ground smooth. Commercial fittings are manufactured by R&B Wagner, Inc., Butler, WI.
8.5.4 Railing transitions may be made with shop-bent pipe if the bends are made in suitable jigs and the pipe is not deformed or crushed after bending.
8.5.5 Slip-on fittings or mechanical lock-type fittings are not permitted.
8.5.6 Railings shall be fabricated in panels having at least three posts. No section of railing shall exceed 18 ft without a splice or expansion joint connection.
8.5.7 Railing posts shall be bolted to supporting steel with 5/8-inch diameter A 307 bolts.
8.6 Floor Plates
8.6.1 Removable floor plates (flat or of raised pattern) shall be attached to supporting steel with 1/2-inch diameter countersunk flat head bronze tap bolts spaced not more than 2 ft 6 in on center with a minimum of four bolts per panel unless otherwise shown on approved detail drawings. All other floor plates shall be plug welded to supporting steel with 1/2-inch diameter plug welds at 2-ft spacing with a minimum of four welds per panel.
8.6.2 Each removable plate section shall be shop fabricated with two 1-inch diameter lifting holes located in opposite corners.
8.6.3 Holes in plate shall be cut in the shop. Removable floor plate shall be split around all holes into easily removable sections.
9. PROTECTIVE COATING SYSTEMS
9.1 Miscellaneous metals shall receive a protective coating system as specified in this specification unless otherwise indicated in either 600.002 or in the General Notes on the contract drawings.
9.2 All steel that is part of this specification including cold box platform steel, floor grating, grating treads, ladders, ladder cages, safety gates, special pipe supports, stair stringers, and railings shall be galvanized. Items requiring other coatings shall be as follows:
9.2.1 All standard pipe supports, floor plate, and concrete embedments shall be shop prime painted according to 4WEQ-6804 unless otherwise specified on the contract drawings. If shop prime painted, these items shall be field finish painted by others.
9.2.2 All steel (other than described in paragraphs 9.2 and 9.2.1) that is part of a totally sheltered building may be either prime painted or galvanized according to 4WEQ-6804. Steel included in this category will be indicated on the Air Products design drawings. The fabricator shall inform Air Products as to the most economical coating method. This steel if shop prime painted will not be finish painted in the field.
9.3 Bolts, nuts, and washers used to connect structures of galvanized material shall also be galvanized. Bolts, nuts, and washers used to connect painted structures shall be furnished plain (uncoated), also referred to as black.
9.4 Painting
9.4.1 Painting, workmanship, and quality shall be according to 4WEQ-6804.
9.4.2 Materials designated to be prime painted shall have all surfaces painted except for the following: Steel members and portions of steel members to be embedded in or bonded to concrete. Field welded connections (two inches back from field welds). Items specified to be galvanized. Milled or machined surfaces protected with grease or other anti-rust coating. Stainless steel and aluminum.
9.4.3 Surfaces shall be free of visible moisture immediately before and after painting until the paint is dry to touch. Ambient and work surface temperatures shall be between 50° and 100°F.
9.5 Galvanizing
9.5.1 After fabrication is complete (for example, cutting, drilling, forming, punching, and welding) but before assembly, the fabricator shall deliver the steel work to the galvanizer for galvanizing. The steel shall be delivered free of welding slag and burrs.
9.5.2 The galvanizer shall preclean the steelwork using an alkaline cleaner, acid pickle, and flux. Alternatively, the steel shall be blast cleaned and fluxed.
9.5.3 All material designated to be galvanized shall be hot‑dip zinc coated according to ASTM A 123/A 123M. The coating thickness and grade shall comply with ASTM A 123/A 123M, Tables 1 and 2, and shall not be less than Grade 85 (2.0 oz/ft2) for material under 1/4-inch thick and shall be Grade 100 (2.3 oz/ft2) for material 1/4-inch thick and over. For composite members or rolled sections, the thickness of the thicker part shall govern the coating grade application rate.
9.5.4 Bolts, nuts, and washers designated to be galvanized shall be hot‑dip zinc coated according to ASTM A 153/A 153M, Table 1. After galvanizing, nuts shall be tapped oversize according to ASTM A 307, A 325, and A 563.
9.5.5 Inspection and tests of galvanized steel material by the galvanizer shall be according to ASTM Specifications and Standards and shall include the following: Thickness of Coating Test Visual Inspection for Finish and Appearance Adhesion Embrittlement
9.5.6 Products shall be safeguarded against steel embrittlement according to ASTM A 143.
9.5.7 All products to be galvanized shall be handled in such a manner to avoid any mechanical damage and to minimize distortion.
9.5.8 Any wet storage stain shall be removed by the galvanizer before shipment. Freshly galvanized surfaces shall not be treated with oils, grease, or chemicals.
9.5.9 Articles shall be stacked or bundled to allow air between the galvanized surfaces during transport. They shall be loaded in such a manner that continuous drainage will occur.
9.5.10 Repair of damaged coating shall be according to the practices described in ASTM A 780.
10. PRODUCT MARKING, HANDLING, AND SHIPPING
10.1 Marking
10.1.1 Each piece of structural steel, or each structural assembly, shall be uniformly and clearly marked with an identifying erection number and contract number by stamping, stenciling, painting, tagging, or by hand welding.
10.1.2 The marking shall be plainly visible after galvanizing or painting. Letters shall be a minimum of 1/2 inch high and spaced 1/2 inch apart. Words shall be spelled out.
10.1.3 Tags shall be securely affixed so they will remain attached and will be legible after normal shipping, handling, and field storage. Tags shall be waterproofed, and piece mark lettering shall be a minimum of 1/2 inch high.
10.1.4 Painted or stenciled numbers shall not bleed through field-applied finish coats of paint.
10.1.5 The compass direction (North or East) shall be marked on all columns.
10.1.6 Beams and girders shall be marked such that the mark number reads right side up on the left end of the piece. The left end is the mark numbered end as shown on the erection drawing.
10.2 Handling and Shipping
10.2.1 Small pieces of material that will be erected on the same or in the same general area shall be bundled securely. Each small piece shall have its own unique piece mark, and the bundle shall be tagged to indicate the large piece or assembly to which it shall be attached.
10.2.2 Nylon, canvas, or other slings appropriate for this application shall be used to protect shop‑applied paint and galvanizing against damage during handling and transit.
10.2.3 Common bolts of one length and diameter, and one type, loose nuts of each size, and flat and beveled washers of each size shall be packaged separately.
10.2.4 Pins, small parts and small packages of bolts, flat and beveled washers, and nuts shall be shipped in boxes, crates, kegs, or barrels, but the gross weight of any package shall not exceed 300 lbs.
10.2.5 A list and description of the contained material shall be plainly marked on the outside of each shipping container.
10.2.6 Particular attention must be given to protecting bolts and nuts from moisture and dirt.
10.2.7 Each shipment of material to the jobsite shall be accompanied by two copies of the mill test reports, certification of conformance to the specification requirement for the material that is being delivered, and two copies of the erection drawings.
10.2.8 Materials shall be delivered with temporary bracing, as required, to maintain its shape during transportation, storage, and handling.
11. INSPECTION AND TESTING
11.1 The fabricator shall be responsible for own inspection and testing program.
11.1.1 The fabricator shall perform 100% visual inspection of shop welds. When visual inspection indicates possible deficiencies, nondestructive testing (NDT) or repair work shall be performed by the fabricator. Questionable welds shall be tested by the liquid penetrant, magnetic particle, radiography (gamma), ultrasonic method ASTM A 435/A 435M, or a combination of these methods to the satisfaction of the fabricator’s inspector. Weld inspection and testing procedures, techniques, standards of acceptance, and methods of repair shall be according to the applicable requirements of AWS D1.1.
11.1.2 The fabricator’s inspector shall document all visual inspections and NDT performed in the shop. Complete records of inspections shall be maintained.
11.1.3 Repair and further inspection of defective shop welds shall be performed to the satisfaction of the fabricator’s inspector.
11.2 The fabricator shall permit an Air Products-selected testing and inspection agency to inspect and witness tests of structural steel work including welds and bolts. The fabricator shall give the testing agency reasonable assistance and information to perform this function.
12. AUTHORITY TO REJECT
12.1 The Air Products representative shall have the authority to reject all materials and workmanship not conforming to the drawings and/or specifications. Any defective material found during the progress of the work shall be promptly replaced or corrected by the fabricator to the satisfaction of Air Products.
13. LIABILITY FOR DEFECTIVE MATERIAL
13.1 If the Air Products representative, through oversight or otherwise, has accepted material or work that is defective or contrary to these specifications or design drawings, this material, no matter in which stage of completion, may be rejected.