Fire Protection Systems | Design Requirements | Mechanical Equipment Requirements | Safety Considerations

1. SCOPE ………………………………………………. 4
2. REFERENCES 4
2.1
National Fire Protection Association
(NFPA) 4
2.2 American Petroleum Institute (API) ……. 4
2.3 American Society for Testing and
Materials (ASTM)
5
2.4 American Society of Mechanical
Engineers (ASME)
5
2.5 American National Standards Institute
(ANSI) …………………………………………… 5
2.6
National Electric Manufacturer’s
Association (NEMA)
5
2.7 Underwriters Laboratories (UL)
5
2.8
Factory Mutual (FM) ………………………… 5
2.9 Other SABIC Specifications
5
3. DEFINITIONS 6
3.1 Authority Having Jurisdiction (AHJ) …… 5
3.2 Flammable
Liquid
6
3.3 Combustible
Liquid
6
3.4 Standpipe System
…………………………… 6
3.5 Water Spray System
6
3.6 Owner
7
3.7 Company/Buyer
……………………………… 7
3.8 Contractor/Seller
7
4. FIREWATER SUPPLY
7
5. FIREWATER MAINS ……………………………. 8
6.
FIREWATER PUMPS
8
7. FIRE HYDRANTS
9
8. FIRE MONITORS ………………………………. 10
9. COMBINATION HYDRANTS/MONITORS 10
10. HYDRANT/MONITOR GUARDS
10
11. POST INDICATOR VALVES (PIVS) ……… 10
12. HOSE REEL STATIONS
11
13. FIRE EXTINGUISHERS
11
14. FIRE HOSE CABINETS ……………………… 12
15. FIRE PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS 13
16. FIRE AND GAS DETECTION
13
17. WATER SPRAY DELUGE SYSTEM …….. 13
17.1 Application
13
17.2 Water Spray Density
13
17.3 Design
…………………………………………. 16
17.4 Materials
18
17.5 Testing
19
18. WATER CURTAIN SYSTEM ……………….. 19
19. SPRINKLER SYSTEM
19
20. FOAM SYSTEM
20
21. WATER MIST SYSTEM ……………………… 20

22. FIRE SUPPRESSION SYSTEM
23. FIRE STATION
24. FIRE TRUCKS …………………………………… 24.1 Design Requirements
24.2 Vehicle Requirements
24.3 Chassis Requirements
……………………
24.4
Instruments and Warning Lights
24.5 Controls
24.6 Electrical Requirements
………………….
24.7 Lighting System
24.8
Siren and Air Horns
24.9 Fire Fighting Equipment Requirements
25. FIRE PROOFING ……………………………….25.1 General
25.2 Fireproofing Configurations
……………..
25.3 Fireproofing Materials
25.4 Extent of Fireproofing
25.5
Fire Resistance Rating ……………………
25.6 Inspection and Maintenance
26. FIRE PROOFING FOR CONTROL AND
ELECTRICAL SYSTEM
27. FIREWATER DRAINAGE SYSTEM ……….28. CONTRACTOR/SELLER
REQUIREMENTS ……………………………….
Table
I
Fireproofing Concrete Thickness for 1-4 hour Rating ……………………………………………….II Comparison of Fireproofing Systems
(Basis: 1-hour Rating)
FIGURE
1 Formed Concrete Fire Proofing Details ….
2 Shotcrete (Gunite) Fireproofing Details 3 Sanded Cement Plaster, Gypsum Plaster
and Proprietary Mixes Fireproofing Details

4 Lightweight Plaster, Gypsum Plaster and
Proprietary Mixes Fireproofing Details

5 Proprietary Cementitious Mix Fireproofing Details
6 Structures Supporting Equipment
Fireproofing Sketches ………………………….

7 Structures Supporting Piping Fireproofing
Sketches

8 Structures Supporting Air Fin Coolers
Fireproofing Sketches
9 Typical Gunite Fireproofing for Skirt or
Saddle Supported Equipment ……………….

10 Typical Fireproofing Details for Columns,
Beams, and Supporting Elements for
Equipment 47
11 Typical P&ID for Deluge Valve Header

12 Spray Protection for Pipe Rack ……………. 13 Spray Protection for Air Cooled (Fin-Fin)
Heat Exchanger
14 Spray Protection for Process Column 15 Spray Protection for Vertical Vessel ……… 16 Spray Protection for Horizontal Vessel 17 Spray Protection for Compressor in
Shelter

18 Spray Protection for Spherical Storage
Tank ……………………………………………….19 Spray Protection for Atmospheric and
Refrigerated Storage Tank
20 Spray Protection for Pumps in Hydrocarbon Service

21 Detail of Hose Box and Potable Fire Extinguishers …………………………………..

22 Detail of Hydrant Installation
23 Sketch of Combination Hydrant/Monitor Configuration

1. Scope
1.1 This specification defines general requirements for fire protection systems and loss prevention
measures in SABIC plants and their associated utility and offsite facilities. The contractor shall conform to
this specification to ensure that a safe, operable facility is built with adequate active fire protection
equipment and passive fireproofing application.
1.2 This specification contains minimum design requirements, safety considerations, and mechanical
equipment requirements based on the Reference Standards listed in Section 2.
2. References
The fire protection system shall be designed and installed in accordance with the Security & Safety
Directives (SSD) of Saudi Arabia’s High Commission For Industrial Security and Safety and internationally
recognized codes and standards. All fire protection equipment furnished by the Contractor/Seller shall be
UL (Underwriters Laboratories) listed and/or FM (Factory Mutual) approved. The latest edition of the
reference standards listed below shall be used as a minimum guide.
2.1 National Fire Protection Association (NFPA)
10 Portable Fire Extinguishers
11 Low Expansion Foam Systems
11C Mobil Foam Apparatus
12 Carbon Dioxide Extinguishing Systems
13 Installation of Sprinkler Systems
14 Installation of Standard Pipe and Hose Systems
15 Water Spray Fixed Systems
16 Deluge Foam-Water Sprinkler Systems and Foam-Water Spray Systems
16A Installation of Closed-Head Foam Water Sprinkler Systems
17 Dry Chemical Extinguishing Systems
20 Installation of Centrifugal Fire Pumps
22 Water Tanks for Private Fire Protection
24 Installation of Private Fire Service Mains and Their Appurtenances
30 Flammable and Combustible Liquids Code
58 Storage and Handling of Liquefied Petroleum Gases
70 National Electrical Code
72 National Fire Alarm Code
80 Fire Doors and Fire Windows
101 Safety to Life from Fire in Buildings and Structures
214 Water Cooling Towers
221 Fire Walls and Fire Barrier Walls
230 Standard for fire Protection for Storage
231 General Storage
251 Fire Tests of Building Construction and Materials
325 Fire Hazard Properties of Flammable Liquids, Gases, and Volatile Solids
329 Recommended Practice for the classification of flammable liquids, gases or vapors and of hazardous
(classified) locations for Electrical Installations in Chemical Process Areas
750 Water Mist Fire Protection Systems
1901 Automotive Fire Apparatus
1961 Fire Hose
1963 Fire Hose Connections
2001 Clean Agent Fire Extinguishing Systems
2.2 American Petroleum Institute (API)
2001 Fire Protection in Refineries
2021 Guide for Fighting Fires in and Around Petroleum Storage Tanks
2030 Guidelines for Application of Water Spray Systems for Fire Protection in the Petroleum Industry

2218 Fire Proofing Practices in Petroleum and Petrochemical Processing Plants
2510A Fire Protection Considerations for the Design and Operation of Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG)
Storage Facilities
2.3 American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM)
A 53 Specification for Welded and Seamless Steel Pipe
A 135 Specification for Electric-Resistance-Welded Steel Pipe
A 182 Standard Specification for Forged or Rolled Alloy-Steel Pipe Flanges, Forged Fittings, and Valves
and Parts for High-Temperature Service
A 234 Specification for Piping Fittings of Wrought Carbon Steel and Alloy Steel for Moderate and Elevated
Temperatures
A 536 Standard Specification for Ductile Iron Casting
A 795 Specification for Black and Hot-Dipped Zinc-Coated (Galvanized) Welded and Seamless Steel Pipe
for Fire Protection Use
D 56 Standard Method of Test for Flash Point by the Tag Closed Tester
D 93 Standard Method of Test for Flash Point by the Pensky-Martens Closed Tester
D 323 Vapor Pressure of Petroleum Products
2.4 American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME)
B 16.1 Cast Iron Pipe Flanges and Flanged Fittings
B 16.3 Malleable Iron Threaded Fittings, Class 150 and 300
B 16.4 Cast Iron Threaded Fittings, Class 125 and 250
B 16.5 Steel Pipe Flanges and Flanged Fittings
B 16.9 Factory-Made Wrought Steel Buttweld Fittings
B 16.11 Forged Steel Fittings, Socket Welded and Threaded
B 16.25 Buttwelding Ends for Pipe, Valves, Flanges, and Fittings
2.5 American National Standards Institute (ANSI)
B 36.10M Welded and Seamless Wrought Steel Pipe
B 36.19M Stainless Steel Pipe
2.6 National Electric Manufacturer’s Association (NEMA)
ICS6 Enclosures for Industrial Control Systems
2.7 Underwriters Laboratories (UL)
1709 Rapid Rise Fire Tests of Protection Material for Structural Steel
NA UL Certifications Directory
2.8 Factory Mutual (FM)
NA FM Approval Guide
2.9 Other SABIC Specifications
The use of this specification may impact on or be impacted by the following SABIC specifications.
Consequently, cross-reference to these specifications is mandatory.
F03-G01 Fire Protection of Buildings
F01-G01 Fire and Gas Detection
S01-G-01 Safety Consideration for Plant Layout
Q01-F24 Insulation and Fireproofing Support Details (hot & cold)
Q01-G03 External Paint
P01-E31 Heat Tracing of Piping
P12-S04 Color Coding Criterion
Q01-F04 Skirt Fireproofing
X09-E08 Fire Safe Control Valve & Instrumentation

3. Definitions
3.1 Authority Having Jurisdiction (AHJ)
The organization, office, or individual responsible for approving equipment, an installation, or a procedure.
3.2 Flammable Liquid
Any liquid that has flash point below 37.8 °C, as determined by ASTM D 56 or ASTM D 93, and vapor
pressure not exceeding 2.76 bar(a) at 37.8 °C. Liquids with vapor pressure above 2.76 bar(a) at 37.8 °C
are considered gases by NFPA. Flammable liquid can be further classified as follows:
6.2.1 Class IA Liquid
Flash point below 22.8 °C and boiling point below 37.8 °C.
6.2.2 Class IB Liquid
Flash point below 22.8 °C and boiling point at or above 37.8 °C.
6.2.3 Class IC Liquid
Flash point at or above 22.8 °C but below 37.8 °C.
3.3 Combustible Liquid
Any liquid that has flash point at or above 37.8 °C, as determined by ASTM D 56 or ASTM D 93.
Combustible liquid can be further classified as follows:
6.3.1 Class II Liquid
Flash point at or above 37.8 °C and below 60 °C.
6.3.2 Class IIIA Liquid
Flash point at or above 60 °C but below 93 °C.
6.3.3 Class IIIB Liquid
Flash point at or above 93 °C.
3.4 Standpipe System
An arrangement of piping, valves, hose connections, and allied equipment installed in a building or
structure, with the hose connections located such that water can be discharged in streams or spray
patterns through attached hose and nozzles. Standpipe systems can be further classified as follows:
3.4.1 Class I Standpipe System
A Class I standpipe system shall provide 2-1/2 inches hose connections to supply water for use by fire
department and those trained in handling heavy fire streams.
3.4.2 Class II Standpipe System
A Class II standpipe system shall provide 1-1/2 inches hose stations to supply water for use primarily
by the building occupants or by the fire department for initial response.
3.4.3 Class III Standpipe System
A Class III standpipe system shall provide 1-1/2 inches hose stations to supply water for use by
building occupants and 2-1/2 inches hose connections to supply a larger volume of water for use by
fire department and those trained in handling heavy fire streams.
3.5 Water Spray System
A water spray system is an automatic or manually actuated fixed pipe system connected to a water supply
and equipped with water spray nozzles designed to provide a specific water discharge and distribution over
the protected area or surface. Water spray systems are usually applied to special fire hazards protection
and can be used for effective fire control, extinguishment, prevention, or exposure protection.

3.6 Owner
Owner shall mean SABIC Inc., its authorized representatives and its respective affiliates.
3.7 Company/Buyer
Company/Buyer shall mean the party designated by the Owner to perform the Engineering and
Procurement for the project, its authorized representatives and its respective affiliates.
3.8 Contractor/Seller
Contractor/Seller shall mean the Contractor designated by the Owner/Buyer to perform the Engineering,
Procurement, and Construction work for the project, its authorized representatives and its respective
affiliates.
4. Firewater Supply
4.1 Adequate and reliable sources of firewater supply shall be provided to ensure that water is available
under all circumstances. Firewater can be obtained from an unlimited source, such as a natural body of
water, or from a public/private water system.
4.2 When natural body of water or public/private water system is not available or determined by the
Authority Having Jurisdiction (AHJ) to be inadequate to serve as direct firewater supply sources, the
firewater supply shall come from storage tank(s) or reservoir(s).
4.3 When public/private water system is connected for firewater supply source, the reliability of the
public/private system must be evaluated. They should not have the following weakness:
4.3.1 Major seasonal or periodic fluctuations in pressure or flow resulting from varying user demands,
drought, or unreliable sources.
4.3.2 Limited elevated tank or standpipe capacity.
4.3.3 Frequent impairments resulting from old or corroded piping, or poor maintenance.
4.3.4 Insufficient sectional valves which prevent continuous service when isolating the system for
maintenance and repairs.
4.4 When storage tank(s) or reservoir(s) is used, the storage capacity shall be sufficient to provide a
minimum of six (6) hours of total firewater demand continuously. The estimated firewater demand shall be
the sum of water from the fire protection fixed systems (e.g. water spray system, sprinkler system) and
manual fire fighting equipment (e.g. fire monitor, hose stream) based on a single major fire breaking out in
one fire risk area in any one time. The highest firewater demand of one of the fire risk areas shall be the
total firewater demand. Each single fire risk area shall be separated from adjoining areas by atleast 15
meters. This seperations may include major pipe racks, roadways etc.
4.5 For the purpose of estimating total firewater demand, a minimum of 7,570 lpm from manual fire fighting
equipment shall be added to the water demand from fixed systems. When estimating firewater demand for
fire monitor and hose lines, the following shall be used:
a. Fire monitor nozzle: 2,840 lpm
b. 1-1/2” hose line: 470 lpm
c. 2-1/2” hose line: 950 lpm
4.6 The firewater storage tank(s) shall be kept well filled to the designed level. Provisions shall be provided
to refill the tank in eight (8) hours.

5. Firewater Mains
5.1 The firewater mains shall be designed as a grid with loops around the fire blocks such as process units,
utility areas, power generation, tank farm sites, and administration area. Firewater mains may run through
the middle of the block when determined by AHJ to provide effective fire protection.
5.2 Generally the firewater mains are installed along the plant roads. These firewater mains should not be
routed below roadways or railroad tracks except for crossing purpose. In no case should a line be routed
below a building except to enter the building as a supply for the building’s fire protection system.
5.3 Selection of the firewater underground pipe shall conform to NFPA 24. Steel pipe shall not be used for
underground firewater mains. Design limitations and installation requirements of the selected pipe shall
conform to manufacturer’s recommendations.
5.4 Where firewater mains may be extended in the future, blinded flange should be provided for future
connection.
5.5 Firewater mains (both primary and crossover) shall be at least eight (8) inches in diameter and single
hydrant or fire monitor laterals shall be at least six (6) inches in diameter. For mains that do not supply
hydrants or fire monitors, sizes smaller than six (6) inches could be permitted to be used subject to the
following restrictions:
5.5.1 The main supplies only sprinkler systems, water spray systems, foam systems, or Class II standpipe
systems.
5.5.2 Hydraulic calculations show that the main will supply the total demand at required design pressure.
5.6 Firewater mains shall be sized based on providing 100% of the total firewater demand with the shortest
hydraulic path out of service. Should a future expansion is required, additional firewater demand should be
included in sizing the firewater mains.
5.7 Firewater mains and firewater pumps shall be sized to provide the total firewater demand to the fire risk
area such that the minimum residual pressure at the hydrant farthest from the main firewater pumps in the
same plant is 6.9 bar(g).
5.8 Firewater mains shall be pressurized by pressure maintenance pump (jockey pump). The pressure
required to maintain in the firewater mains shall be determined by the AHJ. Preferably, the pressure should
be kept at or above the rated pressure of the firewater pump at the design flow rate.
5.9 The top of the firewater mains shall be buried not less than 0.3 m below the frost line. When frost is not
a factor in design, the minimum depth of earth cover over the firewater mains shall be as follows:
a. General – 0.8 m
b. Under roadway – 0.9 m
c. Under railroad track – 1.2 m
5.10 For estimating friction loss, the Hazen-Williams “C” valves for various underground pipes are listed in
Table A-7.1.4, NFPA 24.
5.11 For a single run of firewater lateral, no more than five (5) fire protection devices (e.g. hydrant, fire
monitor, combination hydrant/monitor, water spray system, and sprinkler system) should be installed.
6. Firewater Pumps
6.1 Firewater pumps can be electric motor, diesel engine, or steam turbine driven. The types of the
firewater pumps used for service and backup shall be determined by the AHJ. The design, installation, and
acceptance test of firewater pumps shall conform to NFPA 20.
6.2 Firewater pumps shall be able to deliver 100% of the total firewater demand at required pressure (see
Section 5.7) with additional backup pumps capable of delivering at least 50% of the total firewater demand.
6.3 Firewater pumps shall furnish not less than 150% of rated capacity at not less than 65% of total rated
head. The shutoff head shall not exceed 140% of rated head for any type of pump.

6.4 The firewater pump shutoff pressure (churn) pressure plus the maximum static suction pressure,
adjusted for elevation, shall not exceed the pressure for which the downstream fire protection system
components are rated.
6.5 A pair of pressure maintenance pumps (jockey pumps) shall be provided to keep the desired pressure
(see Section 5.8) in the firewater mains. A pressure maintenance pump should be sized to make up the
allowable leakage rate of firewater mains within 10 minutes. Minimum capacity of pressure maintenance
pump should be 380 lpm.
6.6 A drop in firewater main pressure which can not be restored by the jockey pump shall automatically
start the electric motor-driven pumps. If further drop in pressure occurs, steam turbine-driven or diesel
engine-driven pumps shall be actuated by governor controls. Steam turbine-driven or diesel engine-driven
pumps shall not be started until electric pumps have started.
6.7 Firewater pumps shall also be manually started from local push buttons and from the control room, but
may only be stopped manually from local push buttons in the pump station.
6.8 Suitable enclosure should be provided to house the firewater pumps and warning signs properly
posted.
6.9 Firewater pumps must be located as close as possible to the water source. Hazardous areas and
areas subject to flooding must be avoided. See SES S01-G01 Safety Consideration for Plant Layout, for
spacing requirements between pump station and other units.
7. Fire Hydrants
7.1 Hydrants shall be positioned at least 1.8 m away from the edge of the road and not less than 15 m from
the hazardous areas being protected.
7.2 Hydrants on the street or roadside shall be located so that the distance between the hydrant and fire
truck will not exceed 3 m. Hydrants shall be positioned such that the pumper connection faces the
roadway.
7.3 Where large pipe banks or drainage ditches may hinder access between hydrants and protected
areas, accessways or walkways across such obstructions shall be provided near the hydrants.
7.4 Pipe racks, sleepers, and drainage ditches shall not interfere with convenient access to hydrants.
Where a nearby drainage ditch may present operational difficulties or a personnel safety hazard, an
access platform with non-slipping surface extending a minimum 1.5 m on either side of the hydrant shall
be installed.
7.5 Hydrants spacing of administration, support, utility, and tankage areas shall be no more than 90 m as
measured along roadways or accessways between the hydrants. Hydrants spacing in process areas shall
be no more than 60 m along roadways or accessways between the hydrants.
7.6 Requirements of hydrants are described as follows:
7.6.1 Hydrants shall be wet barrel type, steel body, rated for 12.1 bar(g) minimum working pressure and
65 °C maximum temperature. No block valve shall be provided above ground at the base of hydrant.
7.6.2 Each hydrant shall be equipped with three (3) 2-1/2 inch flanged hose connections and one (1) 4
inch flanged pumper connection.
7.6.3 Each 2-½ inch hose connection shall be equipped with a 2-½ inch quarter turn ball valve through
flanged connection; actuating level shall be lockable in open and closed positions. Connection to hose
shall be 2-½ inch male NST with rocker lug cap and chain.
7.6.4 The 4 inch pumper connection shall be equipped with a 4 inch NRS gate valve. Gate valve outlet
shall be provided with flanged 4-1/2 inch NST male hose connection with rocker lug cap and chain.
7.6.5 A 6 inch flanged flat face base connection, class 150, shall be provided for each hydrant.
7.6.6 Hydrant shall be painted as specified in SES Q01-G03 and P12-S04.
7.6.7 Refer to the drawings shown in Appendix I for further details.

7.6.8 Indoor hydrants (standpipe) shall be described in SABIC Specification F03-G01 (Fire Protection of
Building).
8. Fire Monitors
8.1 Fire monitors protecting outside fire hazards shall be located such that the areas being protected will be
reached by at least two monitor streams.
8.2 When specific information of monitor nozzle is not available, a reach of 25 m – 35 m can be used for
spacing fire monitors.
8.3 Elevated fire monitors shall be the only stand alone fire monitors to be used. All other fire monitors shall
be the type of combination hydrant/monitor.
8.4 Monitor shall be rated for 12.1 bar(g) minimum working pressure and 65 °C maximum temperature.
Monitors shall be capable of 360°of horizontal motion and 90°of vertical motion (75° above horizontal and
15° below horizontal). Monitors shall have the capability to be locked in position.
8.5 Subject to AHJ’s decision, fire monitors can be equipped with either water nozzle or foam nozzle.
8.5.1 Water Nozzle
Adjustable nozzle (full fog to straight stream) shall be provided and rated for 2,840 lpm at 6.9 bar(g).
Nozzle shall have fixed or swivel 2-1/2. Inch NST female connection.
8.5.2 Foam Nozzle
Adjust nozzle (full fog to straight stream) shall be provided and rated for 2,840 lpm at 6.9 bar(g). Nozzle
shall have fixed or swivel 2-1/2. Inch NST female connection with foam concentration pickup tube 3.8 cm
(1-1/2 inch) by 365 cm (12 feet) hose plus drum pickup valve for 3 – 6% proportioning. Foam nozzle shall
be constructed of light weight material such as Aluminium.
9. Combination Hydrants/Monitors
9.1 Combination hydrant/monitor shall have the monitor mounted on top of the hydrant. A 4 inch quarter
turn ball valve shall be provided between the hydrant and monitor for isolation of monitor stream. This ball
valve shall be lockable in open and closed positions.
9.2 Where designated by AHJ for areas where class II combustible liquids are handled, combination
hydrant/monitor with foam nozzle shall also be equipped with foam concentrate drum, foam nozzle with
sunshade.
9.3 The connecting parts between hydrant and monitor shall have the following (from top of hydrant to base
of monitor):
a. 6 inch class 150, flat face, welded neck flange.
b. 6 x 4 inch concentric reducer.
c. 4 inch class 150, flat face, welded neck flange.
d. 4 inch quarter turn ball valve, lockable in open and closed positions.
e. 4 inch class 150, flat face, welded neck flange.
10. Hydrant/Monitor Guards
Hydrant/monitor guards shall be provided where hydrants or monitors are subject to vehicle damage.
These guards should be sections of 4-inch schedule 40 pipe, filled with concrete, and set in concrete. The
top of the pipe should be at least 0.9 m above grade and the bottom at least 1.2 m below grade. These
guards shall be painted as specified in SES Q01-G03 and P12-S04.
11. Post Indicator Valves (Pivs)
11.1 Typically, the PIVs are located at grid intersections, near the center of long lines, at supply branches to
automatic sprinkler systems and water spray systems, and at main firewater pump feeds. A sufficient number of PIVs shall be provided so that any section of the grid can be taken out of service and the grid
can still supply water through adjacent sections to protect plant areas.
11.2 The maximum distance between PIVs should be 300 m. This criterion will most commonly be applied
in offsite and tankage areas.
11.3 PIVs shall be installed in firewater mains so that no more than five (5) fire protection devices (e.g.
hydrant, water spray system, sprinkler system, fire monitor, and combination hydrant/monitor), serving a
single fire risk area are out of service at any one time in the event of an outage of part of the firewater
mains.
11.4 A PIV shall be installed in firewater laterals feeding three or more fire protection devices.
11.5 Post indicator valve shall be set so that the top of the post will be 0.9 m above the final grade.
11.6 Post indicator valves shall be properly protected against mechanical damage where needed by guard
post.
11.7 Requirements of PIVs are described as follows:
11.7.1 Post indicator assembly shall have indicator post having an “open” and “shut” indicator. The vertical
indicator post shall be mounted to the gate valve and set for the corresponding number of turns required to
open/shut the valve.
11.7.2 Gate valve shall be non-rising stem (NRS) with 5.1 cm square wrench nut and indicator mounting
plate with ductile iron body and rated for 17.2 bar(g).
11.7.3 The above ground section shall be painted as specified in SES Q01-G03 (External Paint) and
SES P12-S04 (Color Coding Criterion).
12. Hose Reel Stations
12.1 Hose reel stations shall be strategically installed in the high fire hazard areas. Hose reels provide
instantaneous fire fighting capacity for one person with immediate water pressure at the nozzle so that
small incipient fires can be controlled.
12.2 Hose reel stations shall be equipped so that foam solution can be delivered for controlling volatile
hydrocarbon fire. For optimum operation in fighting fires, 6.2 bar(g) to 6.9 bar(g) nozzle pressure is
desirable.
12.3 Requirements of hose reel stations are described as follows:
12.4 Hose reel station shall be self-contained, continuous flow hose reel station, complete with a minimum
227 liter foam concentrate storage tank.
12.5 Hose reel station shall be equipped with 30 m of 1-1/2 inch non-collapsible hose and adjustable fog to
straight stream nozzle.
12.6 For hose reel used for indoor protection, refer to SABIC Specification F03-G01 (Fire Protection of
Building) for details.
13. Fire Extinguishers
Hand held and wheeled dry chemical C02 extinguishers shall be installed strategically throughout the plant
areas for first attack fire fighting. The following criteria shall be followed:
13.1 7.7 kg capacity ammonium phosphate “ABC” dry chemical
13.1.1 The extinguishers shall be located at strategic points at grade and on the platforms of structures
with a guide maximum travel distance of 15 m in order to protect pumps, compressors, vessels, heat
exchangers, and reactors in process areas, utility area, and offsite areas.
13.1.2 This type of extinguisher shall be mounted on a proprietary hanger attached to a structural steel
vertical I beam or to the face of suitable wall (top of extinguisher 1.2 m from standing level) and protected

by a soft vinyl red cover. If a suitable mounting point is not available, a proprietary steel cabinet (red color)
sized for a single fire extinguisher shall be provided, top of cabinet 1.2 m from grade.
13.2 50-70 kg capacity potassium bicarbonate “BC” wheeled dry chemical extinguishers
13.2.1 The wheeled extinguishers shall be located at strategic points near hazardous equipment such as
gas stations, compressors, hydrocarbon pumps, large combustible oil filled transformers, process heaters,
and liquid cracking furnaces.
13.2.2 The wheeled extinguishers shall be protected by a suitable identified, heavy-duty soft vinyl or
vinyl-coated canvas cover.
13.3 For fire extinguishers used for indoor protection, refer to SABIC Specification F03-G01 (Fire
Protection of Building) for details.
13.4 6.9 kg CO2 extinguishers
13.4.1 The CO2 extinguishers shall be located based on guide of a maximum travel distance of 9 m from
electrical equipment to be protected.
13.5 45.3 kg CO2 wheeled extinguishers
13.5.1 These extinguishers shall be located in or near electrical substations, or switchgear rooms operating
voltages > 600 V and near emergency diesel generator.
14. Fire Hose Cabinets
14.1 Each fire hose cabinet shall be located to serve two (2) to three (3) fire hydrants. It shall be suitable for
outdoor use, steel fabricated, double door and be painted as specified in SES Q01-G03 (External Paint)
and SES P12-S04 (Color Coding Criterion).
14.2 “Fire hose cabinet” shall be displayed in English and Arabic (white paint 50 mm letter size) on cabinet
front. A list of equipment shall be displayed in English and Arabic on the inside surface of the door.
14.3 Each fire hose cabinet shall contain the following items:
14.3.1 Two (2) 1-1/2 inch adjustable fog to straight stream nozzles.
14.3.2 Two (2) 2-1/2 inch adjustable fog to straight stream nozzles.
14.3.3 Two (2) 30 m of 1-1/2 inch fire hose.
a. Fire hose shall meet the following requirements:
(i) Nylon weave impregnated with PVC nitrile compound.
(ii) Minimum 20.6 bar(g) acceptance test pressure rating.
(iii) 1-1/2 inch NST alloy male and 1-1/2 inch NST alloy female swivel hose couplings, both
“expansion ring” rocker lug type.
(iv) Red color hose.
14.3.4 Two (2) 30 m of 2-1/2 inch fire hose.
a. Fire hose shall meet the following requirements:
b. Nylon weave impregnated with PVC nitrile compound.
c. Minimum 20.6 bar(g) acceptance test pressure rating.
d. 2-1/2 inch NST alloy male and 2-1/2 inch NST alloy female swivel hose couplings, both
“expansion ring” rocker lug type.
e. Red color hose.
14.3.5 Four (4) 2-1/2 inch female to 1-1/2 inch male hose adapters.
14.3.6 Two (2) gated connection, one 2-1/2 inch female swivel inlet and two (2) 1-1/2 inch male hose
outlets with quarter-turn shutoff valve on each 1-1/2 inch hose outlet.

14.3.7 Four (4) universal hose spanner wrench for 1-1/2 and 2-1/2 inch hoses.
15. Fire Protection of Buildings
Refer to SABIC Specifications F03-G01 (Fire Protection of Buildings) for details.
16. Fire and Gas Detection
Refer to SABIC Specifications F01-G01 (Fire and Gas Detection) for details.
17. Water Spray Deluge System
17.1 Application
17.1.1 Typically, water spray deluge systems are provided for the following. Typical drawings of water
spray coverage can be found in Appendix I of this specification.
a. Atmospheric storage tanks containing Class I flammable liquids or Class II combustible liquids at
or above their flash points.
b. Process columns, vertical process or storage vessels, or storage spheres containing Class I
flammable liquids or Class II combustible liquids at or above their flash points.
c. Horizontal process or storage vessels containing Class I flammable liquids or Class II
combustible liquids at or above their flash points.
d. Shell/tube heat exchangers handling Class I flammable liquids or Class II combustible liquids
heated at or above their flash points.
e. Air-cooled heat exchangers located in or above process areas where Class I flammable liquids
or Class II combustible liquids are handled at or above their flash points.
f. Pipe racks and process piping where Class I flammable liquids or Class II combustible liquids
are handled at or above their flash points.
g. Pumps in process area handling where Class I flammable liquids or Class II combustible liquids
are handled at or above their flash points.
h. Pumps in offsite areas handling where Class I flammable liquids or Class II combustible liquids
are handled at or above their flash points.
i. High pressure compressors handling flammable gas.
17.1.2. Instrument and electrical cable trays meeting all the following criteria:
(i) The trays contain cables critical to production and controlled emergency shutdown.
(ii) The trays are routed through areas where Class I flammable liquids or Class II combustible
liquids heated at or above their flash points are handled.
(iii) The trays are not buried, or otherwise protected against fire-induced failure for at least 15
minutes.
17.2 Water Spray Density
17.2.1 Atmospheric Storage Tank
17.2.1.1 Where atmospheric storage tanks containing Class I flammable liquids or Class II combustible
liquids at or above their flash points and not meeting the spacing requirements as outlined in SABIC
Specifications S-01-G-01 (Safety Consideration for Plant Layout), water should be delivered at a rate of
37.3 lpm/lineal m of shell circumference for tank shell cooling.
17.2.1.2 Separating the water spray system for an individual tank (especially for larger tanks) into two or
more independent systems becomes desirable when exposure protection from an adjacent burning tank is
required. Cooling water would be applied to the portion of the tank which is directly exposed, thereby
reducing the water demand.

17.2.1.3 Fixed foam system may be required for the protection of atmospheric storage tank per NFPA 11.
Also refer to Section 21 of this specification.
17.2.2 Process Column and Vessels
17.2.2.1 For process column, vertical process or storage vessels, and storage spheres containing Class I
flammable liquids or Class II combustible liquids at or above their flash points, the minimum rate shall be
10.2 lpm/m2
.
17.2.2.2 When a freestanding column or vertical vessel height exceeds 12 m from grade, water spray shall
be applied up to a height of 12 m from grade. (at a minimum rate of 10.2 lpm/m2
)
17.2.2.3 Special water coverage shall be provided for columns exceeding 24 m in height up to half of the
total column height but not exceeding 30 m from grade.
17.2.2.4 For horizontal process or storage vessels containing Class I flammable liquids or Class II
combustible liquids at or above their flash points, the minimum rate shall be 10.2 lpm/m2
for the entire
surface.
17.2.2.5 The vertical distance between nozzles shall not exceed 3.7 m where rundown is contemplated for
vertical or inclined surface. Horizontal cylindrical surfaces below the vessel equator shall not be considered
wettable from rundown.
17.2.2.6 When vessels or columns are installed within 15 m of other water spray protected equipment, then
the vessels or columns shall be protected to the full height of the adjacent protected vessel/columns.
17.2.2.7 Equipment in non-hydrocarbon service which are not likely to come into contact with spills of Class
I and Class II liquids due to curbing/paving arrangement will not require spray protection even when
located within 15 m of equipment in Class I and Class II liquid service.
17.2.2.8 For columns or vertical vessels enclosed and supported by a structural steel framework, the
structural steel of the column and vessel shall be fireproofed. No water spray on the structural steel will be
required. Refer to Section 25 “Fire Proofing” of this specification for details.
17.2.3 Heat Exchangers
17.2.3.1 For shell/tube heat exchangers handling Class I flammable liquids or Class II combustible liquids
at or above their flash points, the minimum rate shall be 10.2 lpm/m2
.
17.2.3.2 For air-cooled heat exchangers handling Class I flammable liquids or Class II combustible liquids
at or above their flash points located in process area, the minimum rate shall be 10.2 lpm/m2
. Air-cooled
heat exchangers located above pipe ways or equipment handling Class I flammable liquids or Class II
combustible liquids at or above their flash points will not be water sprayed.
17.2.3.3 Induced-draft air-cooled heat exchangers shall be protected from the underside with directional
spray nozzles. Water spray shall also be provided for protection of the headers at the minimum rate of 10.2
lpm/m2.
17.2.3.4 Forced-draft air-cooled heat exchangers shall be protected from above with directional spray
nozzles. Water spray shall also be provided for protection of the headers at the minimum rate of 10.2
lpm/m2.
17.2.3.5 Structural steel supporting the heat exchangers shall be fireproofed. No water spray on the
structural steel will be required. Refer to Section 25 “Fire Proofing” of this specification for details.
17.2.4 Piping and Pipe Racks
For process piping and pipe racks within 15 m of an area where Class I flammable liquids or Class II
combustible liquids at or above their flash points are handled, the following criteria will apply:
17.2.4.1 Water sprayed shall be provided for protection of process piping. In any given section of the pipe
rack, all levels requiring protection shall be protected by the same water spray system.
17.2.4.2 For single level pipe racks, water spray nozzles shall discharge onto underside of the pipe at a
density not less than 10.2 lpm/m2.

17.2.4.3 For two level pipe racks, water spray nozzles shall discharge onto underside of the lower level of
pipe at a density of not less than 8.2 lpm/m2
and onto the underside of the upper level at a density of not
less than 6.1 lpm/m2
.
17.2.4.4 For three level pipe racks, water spray nozzles shall discharge onto underside of the lowest level
of pipe at a density of not less than 8.2 lpm/m2
and onto the underside of the second level at a density of
not less than 6.1 lpm/m2
and onto the underside of the third level at a density of not less than 6.1 lpm/m2
.
17.2.4.5 For pipe racks levels more than three, refer to Table 4-5.3.3.2 “Protection of Metal Pipe, Tubing,
and Conduit” of NFPA 15 for spray density requirements.
17.2.4.6 Nozzles shall be selected and positioned such that spray patterns meet or overlap at the
protected surface for the entire width of the rack. Nozzles shall also be positioned no more than 0.8 m
below the bottom of level being protected.
17.2.4.7 Water spray protection could be permitted by AHJ to be applied to the top of pipes on racks
where water spray piping can not be installed below the rack due to the possibility of physical damage or
where space is inadequate for proper installation.
17.2.4.8 Structural steel supporting the pipe racks shall be fireproofed. No water spray on the structural
steel will be required. Refer to Section 25 “Fire Proofing” of this specification for details.
17.2.5 Sphere
17.2.5.1 For spheres containing Class I flammable liquids or Class II combustible liquids at or above their
flash points, the minimum water spray rate shall be 10.2 lpm/m2
for the entire surface.
17.2.5.2 The vertical distance between nozzles shall not exceed 3.7 m where rundown is contemplated for
vertical or inclined surfaces.
17.2.5.3 Spherical surfaces below the equator shall not be considered wettable from rundown.
17.2.6 Pumps
17.2.6.1 Pumps in process and offsite areas handling Class I flammable liquids or Class II combustible
liquids at or above their flash points shall have the pump and driver enveloped in direct water spray at a
the minimum rate of 20.4 lpm/m2
of the projected surface area.
17.2.6.2 Water spray coverage shall extend 1.5 m beyond the pump foundation pedestal around the
perimeter.
17.2.6.3 Water spray coverage shall also include the suction and discharge valves. A spray nozzle may be
arranged to discharge directly on each pump inboard/outboard seal as needed. The nozzle shall be
located approximately 0.6 – 0.9 m from the seal.
17.2.7 Compressors
17.2.7.1 For compressors installed under shelters, the floor area covered by the shelter including the area
below the compressor, the minimum spray rate shall be 20.4 lpm/m2
. The lube oil console skid shall also
be protected at the same density.
17.2.7.2 For reciprocating type compressors, additional water spray protection shall be provided for gas
snubbers and piston packing glands/stuffing boxes.
17.2.7.3 A lube oil console skid outside the compressor shelter shall be protected at a minimum spray rate
of 20.4 lpm/m2
by a peripheral ring arrangement located above the skid.
17.2.7.4 Minimum two (2) directional spray nozzles shall be provided to protect each seal on the
compressor shaft.
17.2.7.5 For compressor installed without a shelter, water spray shall be applied at a density of 20.4
lpm/m2 of projected surface area. The area beneath the compressor shall also be directly sprayed. The
compressor seal shall be protected as noted in Section 17.2.8.4 above. The lube oil console skid shall be
sprayed at a minimum rate of 20.4 lpm/m2
of projected surface area.

17.3 Design
17.3.1 Design Pressure
17.3.1.1 Water spray deluge system shall be designed based on 6.2 bar(g) residual pressure at the water
supply flanged riser connection for the water spray system.
17.3.1.2 Minimum operating pressure for any spray nozzle with orifices of 9.5 mm (3/8 inch) or less shall be
2.1 bar(g). For spray nozzles larger than 9.5 mm (3/8 inch), minimum pressure shall be 1.4 bar(g).
17.3.1.3 Restriction orifices shall not be permitted.
17.3.2 Actuation
17.3.2.1 Water spray deluge systems shall be actuated automatically by the operation of pilot type
hydraulic heat detectors. Pneumatic actuation system can also be used subject to AHJ approval.
17.3.2.2 Water spray deluge systems shall also be actuated manually by all of the following:
a. From a local manual release (actuated valve) provided as part of the water spray valve trim.
b. From at least one manual pull station located at the egress route from the protected area [AHJ
will determine the exact location(s) of the manual pull station(s)].
c. From the actuated switch in the control room through the use of a solenoid valve in the hydraulic
actuation line close to the water spray deluge valve. Each solenoid valve shall be provided with an
isolation valve to allow maintenance without isolation of associated deluge system/valve.
d. Solenoid valves for achieving remote electrical actuation in the hydraulic actuation line of each
water spray system shall be hard wired to back-lighted actuation switches mounted on a panel near
the DCS panel for the area where the water spray protection is located (not from fire alarm panel).
Loss of electrical power to the solenoid valve shall not result in operation of the water spray deluge
valve/solenoid valve.
e. A pressure switch set at 2.0 bar(g) shall be installed on the downstream of the deluge valve to
confirm the actuation of the water spray deluge system and send the alarm signals to the fire panel in
the control room.
17.3.3 Hydraulic Calculations Coefficient
A Hazen-Williams coefficient of 120 shall be used for hydraulic calculations in designing water spray
deluge system, assuming use of galvanized steel piping.
17.3.4 Water Velocity
Water velocity in the water spray deluge pipe shall not exceed 6 m/sec. If approved by AHJ, higher
velocities in some portions of the piping can be allowed to obtain pressure drop to balance the pressure.
17.3.5 Design Capacity
17.3.5.1 Maximum design capacity of any single water spray deluge system shall not exceed 9,500 lpm.
Approval from AHJ shall be obtained for any single water spray system designed for more than 9,500 lpm.
17.3.5.2 Hydraulic program shall be used to size the water spray system based on the given design
criteria. For preliminary estimate purpose, flowrates of the water spray systems can be calculated based on
the water spray density given in Section 7.2 plus a 30% design factor. The 30% design factor is to account
for the overlap, wastage, and pressure balancing of the water spray system.
17.3.6 Detection
17.3.6.1 Fusible metal or glass bulb type closed sprinkler heads (pilot sprinklers) pressurized by firewater
shall be used as heat detectors. Typically, heat detectors shall be rated for actuation at 100 °C with the
exception of those provided on furnaces or boilers which shall be rated for 141 °C. The sprinkler heads
circuit in a given area shall be connected to the deluge valve for that area. Actuation of one or more
sprinkler heads due to heat shall result in depressurization of the sprinkler heads circuit, which inturn will
cause the actuation of the corresponding deluge valve.

17.3.6.2 The pilot sprinklers (heat detectors) for water spray systems shall be supplied by 19 mm (3/4
inch) diameter pipe pressurized by firewater and located in accordance with the following guidelines:
a. Maximum horizontal spacing for indoor locations shall not exceed 3.7 m.
b. Pilot sprinklers located outdoors shall be spaced such that the elevation of a single level of pilot
sprinklers and between additional levels of pilot sprinklers shall not exceed 5.2 m. The horizontal
distance between pilot sprinklers shall not exceed 2.5 m.
c. The horizontal distance between outdoor pilot sprinklers on a given level can be permitted to be
increased to 3.0 m when the elevation of the first level does not exceed 4.6 m, the distance between
additional levels does not exceed 3.7 m, and the pilot sprinklers are staggered vertically.
d. Pilot sprinkler ring will have one pilot sprinkler for each 3.0 m of equipment circumference (a
minimum of two pilot sprinklers).
e. A pilot sprinkler may be installed approximately 0.6 – 0.9 from the pump seal as applicable.
f. Other spacing shall be permitted where acceptable to the AHJ.
17.3.7 Nozzles Spacing
17.3.7.1 The nozzles shall be spaced such that the spray patterns should be overlapped or at least meet.
17.3.7.2 For vessel protection, spray nozzles shall be spaced horizontally a maximum 2.1 m. Vertically,
distance between nozzles shall not exceed 3.7 m where rundown is contemplated for vertical or inclined
surfaces. On the circumference, a maximum 2.3 m shall be used..
17.3.7.3 Spherical or horizontal cylindrical surfaces below the vessel equator shall not be considered
wettable from the rundown.
17.3.7.4 Where obstructions such as insulation bands prevent water spray from covering the protected
vessel surfaces, additional nozzles shall be provided to ensure that the spray patterns will cover all the
protected vessel surface.
17.3.7.5 Spray nozzles and piping shall be located and installed to minimize bumping or tripping hazards.
At least 2.1 m head clearance shall be provided. Spray/heat detector piping shall not run through caged
ladders.
17.3.8 Pipe Hanger and Structural Support
17.3.8.1 All pipe hangers shall be clevis type. All hangers, rods, clamps, and associated bolts (double
nutted) shall be hot-dip galvanized. C-clamps or top beam clamps shall not be used.
17.3.8.2 All water spray system piping protecting pumps, compressors, or vessels, which can not be
installed in existing pipeways or structural steels (subject to AHJ approval), shall be supported by free
standing supports.
17.3.8.3 Free standing pipe supports shall be a maximum height of 6.1 m and fabricated from forged or
rolled hot-dip galvanized structural steel shapes. Water spray system piping shall be supported firmly to
the structures. Free standing supports fabricated from pipe shall not be used.
17.3.8.4 Normally, these free standing supports should also be included in the water spray coverage.
Where supports are not adequately covered, one spray nozzle dedicated to individual support should
provide sufficient protection for up to 4.9 m of vertical height. Another way to provide free standing support
protection will be fire proofing.
17.3.9 Water Spray Deluge Valve
17.3.9.1 Deluge valves shall be located at perimeter accessway or road sides at least 15 m from the
equipment or area to be protected and shall be grouped up to a maximum of four (4) deluge valves per
manifold header. An individual manual gate valve shall be provided upstream of each deluge valve to allow
resetting/isolation for maintenance.
17.3.9.2 Deluge valves for protection of pipe racks should be located adjacent to the piper rack on the side
with the least fire exposure hazard.

17.3.9.3 Deluge valves for protection of storage tanks shall be located outside of the respective tank dike
and protected against fire exposure.
17.3.9.4 An enclosure or a simple shelter shall be provided to house each group of deluge valves.
17.3.10 Response Time
Water spray system shall be designed such that the time required for water to discharge to the most
remote nozzle shall be less than 30 seconds after the detection of fire.
17.3.11 Drains
A drain valve shall be furnished for each deluge valve. Provision shall be made to properly drain all parts of
the deluge system to a closed system to avoid water spillage / erosion in the vicinity of the check valves.
17.3.12 System Identification
17.3.12.1 Each water spray deluge system shall be assigned an identification number. Each deluge valve
shall have a permanently attached non-corrosive weatherproof sign, displaying its assigned number and
indicating the deluge system’s calculated flow and design residual pressure at the deluge valve inlet.
17.3.12.2 A weather proof graphic display shall be posted at each deluge valve enclosure or shelter. A
Control Room fire and gas control panel graphic display shall be color coded to indicate the system
protected area, protected equipment, and locations of the manual pull stations. Actuation of a deluge valve
as confirmed by a signal from the pressure switch shall cause the color of the area and the deluge valve for
that area to change from green to red.
17.4 Materials
17.4.1 Piping Materials
Where galvanizing is specified, all piping components shall receive the application internally and externally.
Teflon pipe dope shall be used for all threaded fittings make-up. Teflon tape shall not be used.
17.4.1.1 Above Ground Pipe
a. All water spray deluge piping downstream of the deluge valve shall be hot-dipped galvanized
steel and meet or exceed the ferrous piping requirements in Table 2-3.1 and Sections 2-3.2 and 2-3.3
of NFPA 15.
b. For pipe size equals or less than 51 mm (2 inch), it shall be seamless, screw threaded type. For
pipe size between 64 mm (2-1/2 inch) and 254 mm (10 inch), pipe shall be ERW (Electric Resistance
Weld).
c. Water spray headers shall be 25 mm ( 1 inch) minimum; while hydraulic pilot line shall be 19 mm
(3/4 inch) diameter pipe.
17.4.1.2 Fittings
Follow Sections 2-4 and 2-5 of NFPA 15 for fittings and pipe/fittings joining requirements.
17.4.1.3 Flanges
For deluge valve header, OS&Y gate valve, and firewater underground riser in the deluge enclosure, the
connecting flanges shall be weld neck, flat face, ASME Class 150 flanges per ASTM A-105 forged steel,
hot dipped galvanized.
17.4.2 Deluge Valve
Deluge valve shall be ductile iron body, rated for 12.1 bar(g), flat face flanged, and completely trimmed with
a quarter (1/4) turn valve installed in an approved box for manual activation of the deluge system. Each
deluge valve shall be provided with an isolating valve to facilitate maintenance.
17.4.3 Strainer
GEM model A or approved equal shall be installed with welded steel body, hot dipped galvanized after
fabrication. Basket shall be stainless steel with 3 mm (1/8 inch) perforation. Strain shall be furnished with
approved blow-off connection and valve.

17.4.4 Water Spray Nozzles
GEM D3 and Mulsifyre Nozzles with 1.3 cm (1/2 inch) NPT connection shall be used. All nozzles shall be
selected and positioned to provide maximum effective spray coverage. Minimum nozzle orifice shall be 0.6
cm (1/4 inch).
17.4.5 Sprinkler Pilot Head
Listed corrosion-proof pilot heads shall be used.
17.4.6 Pressure Switch
Explosion-proof, water tight pressure supervisory switch shall be used.
17.5 Testing
17.5.1 Contractor is responsible for performing all applicable acceptance tests as recommended in NFPA
15, Section 7, and Appendix A-7. This includes NFPA approved flushing, hydrostatic pressure tests, and
water discharge tests. This testing applies to water supply piping, sprinkler pilot piping, and
detection/release system. All authorized representatives from Owner, Company, and Contractor shall
attend the final water spray system acceptance test (flow test) to ensure that all the criteria have been met.
17.5.2 In addition to the standard hydrostatic test, an air pressure leakage test shall be conducted on the
hydraulic pilot piping according to the following criteria whichever is selected.
17.5.2.1 Four (4) hours at 5.5 bar(g) with air. A leak rate no greater than 0.14 bar(g) for four hours is
acceptable.
17.5.2.2 Twenty four (24) hours at 2.8 bar(g) with air. A leak rate no greater than 0.1 bar(g) for twenty fours
is acceptable.
18. Water Curtain System
Water curtain systems are provided for isolation of ignition sources such as furnaces in the event of a
flammable/explosive vapor cloud formation. Water curtain systems may also be used for dispersion of
potential releases of flammable/explosive vapor mixture and not for extinguishing. Water spray curtain
system shall be designed per the following requirement:
18.1 Water curtains shall be formed where possible and adequate by spraying water to the potential
release of flammable/explosive vapor mixture from a nearby pipe racks. If a pipe rack is not available, the
water curtain system should be installed on support stanchions attached to and 1 m from the structure
requiring the water curtain. If this is not feasible then a dedicated pipe rack shall be provided.
18.2 Flammable gas detection shall be installed to activate the water spray curtain system automatically
through the use of a solenoid valve. Flammable gas detectors shall be strategically positioned to detect
the explosive vapor mixture before approaching the protected area. When a gas release is detected and
rises to a pre-determined LEL, the solenoid valve will open and release the water from the hydraulic pilot
line, thus activating the deluge valves of the water curtain system.
18.3 The coverage and the height of the water curtain shall be decided by AHJ. Each tier of nozzles shall
be located 2.1 m above each lower tier and shall be 950
angle, large droplets, solid cone nozzles. The
nozzles shall be directed at a 450
angle away from the structure and into a possible explosive vapor
mixture.
18.4 The nozzles shall be spaced 1.8 m on centers and staggered with lower row of nozzles.
18.5 All other design criteria set for water spray system should still apply to water curtain system.
19. Sprinkler System
Refer to SABIC Specification F03-G01 (Fire Protection of Building) for details.

20. Foam System
20.1 Foam systems shall be installed in full compliance with NFPA 11.
20.2 Plant fire trucks shall be equipped with foam delivering capability. In addition, local foam application
capability shall be provided by means of foam monitors mounted on hydrants and/or hose reel stations.
20.3 Where determined by AHJ, a fixed or semi-fixed foam fire extinguishing system shall be provided for
all atmospheric tanks greater than 18 m in diameter containing Class I and Class II liquids. However, when
a nitrogen blanketing system is provided in the annular space above the floating roof in an atmospheric
storage tank, a fixed foam installation will not be required.
20.4 Where determined by AHJ, a fixed or semi-fixed foam fire extinguishing system shall be provided for
all atmospheric tanks less than 18 m in diameter but greater than 9 m in diameter containing Class I and
Class II liquids when the followings are met:
20.4.1 Located in plant area with limited fire fighting access.
20.4.2 The tank of stored material presents a serious fire exposure treat to important process facilities and
critical plant facilities where major fire damage is likely to happened in less than 10 minutes.
20.4.3 The tank of stored material presents a serious fire exposure treat to public roadways and railroad,
neighboring plant facilities, and etc.
20.5 Tanks containing Class I and Class II liquids between 3 and 9 m in diameter shall be protected by
hand held foam hose lines, or monitor nozzles supplied from the plant fire trucks, or foam hydrant monitors.
21. Water Mist System
21.1 Water mist systems are specialized fire protection systems. Design and installation of these systems
requires specialized training, knowledge, and experience. NFPA 750 and Contractor’s special
requirements shall be followed.
21.2 AHJ shall determine where to apply these water mist systems. Typically, water mist systems would be
applied where available water supply is limited or where the application of water needs to be restricted.
Equipment that can be protected by gaseous and other suppressant agents is usually a potential water
mist application.
22. Fire Suppression System
Refer to SABIC Specification F03-G01 (Fire Protection of Building) for details.
23. Fire Station
23.1 Fire station shall house minimum two fire trucks, an ambulance, and emergency equipment, sufficient
fire fighter clothing, and repair facilities. Both fire trucks are capable of delivering water, dry chemicals, and
foam.
23.2 Equipment and tools to supply those mounted on the trucks is stored at the fire station for ready
access during an emergency.
23.3 In addition to the initial charge of foam concentrate on the fire trucks, a one hundred percent spare
charge is available in the fire station in 208 liter (55 gallon) drum. The foam is also a warehouse standard
stock item.
24. Fire Trucks
24.1 Design Requirements
24.1.1 General
24.1.1.1The vehicle shall be of an enclosed four door sedan, tilt hood design for serviceability, utilizing a
special manufactured fire apparatus chassis.

24.1.1.2 The vehicle design shall provide for rapid response and high capacity pumping; ease of
operation; safety; reliability; and accessibility for repairs and maintenance. The unit shall be designed in
accordance with the best engineering practices; and shall incorporate the minimum number of controls
and special features required to provide safe and fireproof operation.
24.1.1.3 The vehicle shall be so constructed that no parts will work loose in service, and all liquids
including fire fighting agents, coolants, and lubricants will neither spill nor leak under operation. All parts
shall be built to withstand the strain, shocks, vibrations, and other detrimental conditions relative to
operation, shipping and storage, with minimum lost time for maintenance, repair, and servicing.
24.1.1.4 The body shall be constructed of a welded aluminum alloy with extrusion framing and radius
vertical exterior compartment corners to provide the lightest weight consistent with the strength necessary
for 20 year operation. Four (4) large folding steps shall be placed around the unit as directed for access to
components.
24.1.2 Performance
Performance requirements shall be met by the Seller with the vehicle fully loaded as outlined in the
following “in-service” condition:
24.1.2.1 Pumping performance for 5,680 lpm (1,500 gpm) @ 10.3 bar(g) (150 psig).
24.1.2.2 Acceleration of the loaded vehicle from 0 – 80.5 km within the time established by NFPA 1901.
24.1.2.3 Automatic balanced pressure discharge side foam concentrate 3 – 6 % proportioning system
using a Williams Hot Shot 150 or approved equal, foam system with engagement capability at any speed.
24.2 Vehicle Requirements
24.2.1 General
24.2.1.1 The vehicle shall consist of a minimum 224 kw (300 hp) turbo-diesel engine, driven conventional
5-person cab, and chassis with enclosed 4-door sedan steel conventional cab with non-metallic tilt hood
and apparatus body.
24.2.1.2 The unit shall have the capacity to carry a minimum of 3,785 liters (1,000 gallons) of foam
concentrate. Pumping capacity of 5,680 lpm (1,500 gpm) at 10.3 bar(g) (150 psig) with ample reserve
capacity is required to support the discharge of water/foam from the master stream monitor and handlines.
24.2.1.3 All necessary valves and controls for the efficient operation of the fire fighting system shall also
be equipped. The vehicle shall be equipped with auxiliary equipment and suitable warning devices, such
as sirens and lights to facilitate movement through traffic.
24.2.1.4 All components and assemblies shall be free of hazardous protrusions, sharp edges, cracks or
other elements which might cause injury to personnel or equipment.
24.2.1.5 All oil, hydraulic and air tubing lines and electrical wiring shall be located in protective positions,
properly clipped to the frame or body structure, and shall have protective loom or grommets at each point
where they pass through structural members, except where a through-frame connector is necessary.
24.2.1.6 The vehicle shall be constructed so that no part can work loose in service. The vehicle shall be
built to withstand the strains, jars, vibrations, and other conditions incidental to the service intended.
24.2.2 Performance
The vehicle, fully equipped and provided with fuel, lubricants, operating personnel, and extinguishing
agents, shall be designed to possess the following capabilities:
24.2.2.1 Accelerating from an idling engine at a standing start to a speed of 80.5 km/hour on a dry level
pavement, free from loose materials within the time established by NFPA 1901.
24.2.2.2 Maintaining a cruising speed of not less than 96.6 km/hour when operating on a dry, paved
roadway having grades.
24.2.2.3 Maintaining a speed on dry, paved roadway for 10 minutes of no more than 3.2 km/hour at an
engine speed that does not result in rough, irregular operation.

24.2.2.4 Ascending a dry, paved incline having an 8% grade for a distance of one-quarter mile at a speed
of not less than 32.2 km/hour.
24.2.2.5 Bringing the fully loaded vehicle, using the service brake, to five (5) complete successive stops
within 10.7 m from a speed of 32.2 km/hour on dry, hard pavement free from loose materials and
controlling the vehicle on all grades encountered in cross country operation.
24.3 Chassis Requirements
The chassis frame shall be of bolted 7,580 bar(g) (110,000 psig) yield strength, or greater. Chassis shall be
designed and constructed to support the gross weight of the body and load. A 254 mm (10 inch) argent
finished steel bumper shall be supplied with forward 406 mm (16 inch) extension from the cab grille,
including a tray for carrying 6.1 m ( 20 feet) of soft suction hose. Two heavy duty cut plate painted towing
eyes offering provisions for towing the vehicle shall be mounted at the front and rear of the vehicle attached
to the frame structure.
24.4 Instruments and Warning Lights
24.4.1 Sufficient instruments and warning lights consistent with the safe, efficient operation of the vehicle
and equipment shall be provided. Warning lights shall be used where practical.
24.4.2 All instruments and warning lights shall be displayed in a wrap around panel in such a way that they
will be most useful, convenient, and visible to the driver.
24.4.3 All instruments shall be properly illuminated by back lighting where practical and available.
24.4.4 The following instruments and/or warning lights shall be provided with warning lights as required:
speedometer with recording odometer; tachometer with hour meter; voltmeter; lighting switches; fuel,
engine oil pressure and water temperature gauges; fuel gauge; air pressure gauge; and transmission
temperature warning (if available).
24.5 Controls
The cab shall have all the necessary controls within easy reach of the driver for the full operation of the
vehicle. The following cab controls shall be provided: accelerator pedal, brake pedal, parking brake,
steering wheel with directional signal control and horn, transmission range selector, pump control selector,
siren switch, ignition master switch, light switches, windshield wiper and wash control, heater/defroster/air
conditioning controls, headlight dimmer and parking brake control. The warning light electrical switches
shall be organized on an overhead console.
24.6 Electrical Requirements
24.6.1 The electrical system and device shall be installed in accordance with the best modern practices for
the type of service required.
24.6.2 Fire system and control circuit wiring shall be color and function coded. Wiring shall be thoroughly
secured in place and suitably protected against heat, oil, and physical injury where required. Circuits shall
be provided with suitable thermal reset overload protective devices.
24.6.3 An alternator capable of delivering a minimum of 190 amperes SAE rating, 12 volts, shall be
provided.
24.6.4 A 12 volt electrical system with auto-reset breakers using two 12 volt heavy duty diesel service
batteries shall be provided in cab mounted step compartments. Batteries shall have 1,250 cold cranking
ampere hour capacity.
24.6.5 An “on-board” battery 115 VAC, pull away charging receptacle shall be provided to supply the 20
amp charge, including a weather proof cover located at the rear of the vehicle. A status indicator shall be
supplied at the cab.
24.6.6 A 12 volt electrical starting device shall be provided. Its characteristics shall be such that when
operating under maximum load, the current draw will not introduce a voltage drop sufficient to adversely
affect function of the ignition system or other electrical equipment.

24.7 Lighting System
The system shall include the following components:
24.7.1 Two (2) sealed beam Halogen headlights with upper and lower driving beams.
24.7.2 Cab front turn signals with self canceling switch on the column.
24.7.3 Dual tail lights and stop lights with separate amber arrow turn signals shall be supplied with a visual
and audible indicator and a four (4) way flasher.
24.7.4 Two (2) 152 mm (6 inch) deck lights shall be installed at the rear of the vehicle. Each light shall be
manually operable and switch on and off at the light.
24.7.5 One (1) red & clear warning bar light to be mounted on the cab roof.
24.7.6 Four (4) intersection type strobe lights with red lenses shall be supplied, each side of the bumper
extension and each side over the wheel wells.
24.7.7 One (1) 102 mm (4 inch) circular single bulb compartment light shall be mounted on each body
compartment and wired to one on/off rocker switch located on the cab dash and automatic door operated
switch. A 51 mm (2 inch) red warning light and rotating beacon shall be supplied within the cab to indicate
that a door is open.
24.7.8 One compartment light with switch shall be installed to properly illuminate the pump and engine
service areas.
24.8 Siren and Air Horns
24.8.1 A warning siren with microphone and dual speakers shall be provided having a sound output of not
less than 95 decibels at 30.5 m directly ahead of the siren and not less than 90 decibels at 30.5 m
measured at 45°
on either side.
24.8.2 The siren speakers shall be mounted at the front bumper area to permit maximum forward sound
projection. The control head shall be recessed in the console and located for use both by the driver and
passenger. Functions shall include Hi-lo, yelp, wail, manual, air horn and radio. Dual Grover or approved
equal, air horns shall be recessed in the forward bumper with can control.
24.9 Fire Fighting Equipment Requirements
24.9.1 Firewater Pump
24.9.1.1 A single-stage 5,680 lpm (1,500 gpm) @ 10.3 bar(g) (150 psig) centrifugal firewater pump shall
be provided.
24.9.1.2 Firewater pump shall be cast, manufactured and tested at the pump manufacturer’s factory prior
to installation on the vehicle chassis.
24.9.1.3 Pump shall be driven by a drive line from the truck transmission. The engine shall provide
sufficient horsepower and RPM to enable pump to meet and exceed its rated performance.
24.9.1.4 The pump shall be equipped with an automatic pressure control device. A single bronze, variable
pressure setting relief valve shall be provided and be of ample capacity to prevent an undue pressure rise
in accordance with NFPA 1901.
24.9.1.5 The pump shall be equipped with a thermal protection device with monitors the water temperature
of the pump and relieves water when the temperature inside the pump exceeds 65.6 °C.
24.9.1.6 An “OK” to pump light shall be supplied at the dash and pump panel to indicate that the pump is
securely engaged for pumping and the drive line is disconnected.
24.9.1.7 The priming pump shall be a positive displacement vane type, electrically driven and conform to
standards outlined in NFPA 1901. One priming control shall both open the priming valve and start the
priming motor.

24.9.2 Manifolds and Connections
24.9.2.1 All pump manifold piping and connections shall be made of stainless steel, or bronze, with
Victaulic or approved equal, type couplings except where flexible high pressure hoses are used or required
to facilitate removal of piping or to minimize stress.
24.9.2.2 There shall be a master drain located at the lowest point of the system which shall be controlled
from a side panel.
24.9.2.3 The suction side of the pump shall be protected from excess pressure through the use of a suction
side relief valve which will dump excess discharge to the ground to prevent damage to the firewater pump
caused by water hammer.
24.9.3 Pump Enclosure
The stainless steel pump panels shall be set on a extrusion reinforced frame work. A master control panel
shall be provided including all the necessary gauges and control valves per NFPA 1901.
24.9.4 Foam Tank
Foam tank shall be a minimum 3,785 liters (1,000 gallons) capacity constructed of 12.7 mm (1/2 inch) black
protected polypropylene with fully maintenance free design. The tank shall be separate and distinct from
the body and easily removable as a unit and connected to the foam pump with a 76.2 mm (3 inch) line with
control on the pump panel.
24.9.5 Proportioning System
The vehicle shall be equipped with a balanced pressure foam proportioning system which is capable of
proportioning 6% foam concentrate up to 9,464 lpm (2,500 gpm) and engagement at any engine speed. A
pressure control valve shall be furnished to automatically balance the foam pump outlet to the water
discharge pressure. Excess foam shall be returned to the foam tank through a velocity inhibiting system
which eliminates agitation.
24.9.6 Foam Monitor
The vehicle shall be equipped with a foam monitor with 3,785 lpm (1,000 gpm) capacity @ 6.9 bar(g) (100
psig). The operational range of the monitor shall be 360 °C in horizontal rotation, -100
to +800
in the
vertical. The monitor shall be connected to the firewater pump for water supply using 102 mm (4 inch)
piping and a hand wheel operated valve. The piping to the monitor shall be connected to a side mounted
64 mm (2-1/2 inch) foam connection to allow for external foam supply to the foam monitor.
25. Fire Proofing
25.1 General
This section covers the minimum requirements for fireproofing materials and its application to the
supporting elements of equipment, structural steel and equipment pressure shells in areas where Class I
flammable liquids and Class II combustible liquids at or above their flash points are processed, handled, or
stored.
25.1.1 Fireproofing is required for load-bearing steel members that support equipment containing
hydrocarbons.
25.1.2 Structural steel pipe supports that required fireproofing are generally protected by encasement in a
fireproofing material, the most common of which is concrete.
25.1.3 Fireproofing of steel structures and equipment supports shall have a minimum fire resistance of
2-hour, unless otherwise dictated by AHJ.
25.1.4 Pipe supports require fireproofing when they are in the proximity of oil circulating equipment, for
example, pumps, exchangers, or fired heaters.
25.1.5 Knee, X, and K-bracing which are part of the equipment support system shall be fireproofed. Lateral
bracing need not be fireproofed.

25.1.6 All members of trusses shall be fireproofed if they directly or indirectly support hydrocarbon
equipment.
25.1.7 Fireproofed shall not be applied over the top flange of beams, supporting pipes, pipe shoes, and
vessel supports. Platforms, walkways, and stairways shall not be fireproofed.
25.1.8 Steel surfaces to be covered with fireproofing material shall be primed and free of oil, loose mill
scale, and other foreign materials.
25.1.9 Fire proofing of vessel supports shall consist of a minimum of 50 mm of gunite or shotcrete, or
cement mortar reinforced with wire mesh.
25.2 Fireproofing Configurations
Structural steel fireproofing configurations fall into three groups on the basis of cross section, they are:
25.2.1 Solid Section
25.2.1.1 This section is made by encasing the steel member in a solid mass of fireproofing material with
enough cover to give the desired fire rating. It gives good protection against corrosion in outdoor
installations since there is no air space next to the web, but it is heavy and adds considerable dead weight
to the structure.
25.2.1.2 Typical solid sections are shown in Figure 1.
25.2.2 Contour Section
25.2.2.1 The fireproofing material is applied directly to the surface of the steel member, to the thickness
needed for the desired fire rating. The fireproofing is shaped roughly like that of the covered member, and
can be hand finished to any desired texture. This section offers the same resistance to fire and corrosion
as the solid section, and has the advantage of light weight.
25.2.2.2 Typical contour sections are shown in Figures 2A and 5A.
25.2.3 Hollow Section
25.2.3.1 The steel member is first encased with a back-up material, for example, metal lath or
paper-backed mesh. The fireproofing material is then applied on the backing to the thickness needed for
the desired fire rating.
25.2.3.2 An air space remains between the back-up material and the web of the steel member, which
makes the steel member vulnerable to corrosion when the installation is outdoors. Moisture gets through
the fireproofing from outside. Under conditions of high humidity, the water vapor trapped in the air space
condenses on the web when the temperature drops. Over a period of time this moisture can cause serious
corrosion of the steel, thus weakening the member.
25.2.3.3 Typical hollow sections are shown in Figures 2B, 3, 4, and 5B.
25.3 Fireproofing Materials
The selection of fireproofing materials depends on many factors. Among these are fire rating, weight,
weather, chemical, abrasion, impact resistance, appearance, availability, and initial and maintenance
costs. The fireproofing materials commonly used are described as follows:
25.3.1 Portland Cement Products
Type I Portland cement conforming to ASTM C 150 shall be used for fireproofing. Special cements or
admixtures shall not be used without AHJ approval.
Portland cement based fireproofing materials shall be damp-cured for seven days after they have been
applied to the steel. Material reinforcement shall be used to keep the materials in place, in case cracking
occurs during a fire. The metal lath used for back-up serves as the reinforcement for plaster up to 25 mm
in thickness. The common portland cement products used for fireproofing structural steel are introduced
below:

25.3.1.1 Standard Weight Concrete
a. This class of concrete is made of portland cement, standard weight aggregates, and water.
Concrete is poured in forms to enclosure the steel member in a solid rectangular section.
b. Concrete can be applied to the steel either before or after the steel is erected.
c. When concrete is applied in shop, connections shall be blocked out and then encased by
concrete in-situ. Projections, for example bolt heads, shall have a minimum 25 mm cover.
d. To facilitate pouring in the limited space, the slump of the concrete should be maintained between
150 and 200 mm, and the coarse aggregate shall not exceed 10 mm in size.
e. Concrete for fireproofing shall have a minimum 28-day strength of 25Mpa, and a density of
approximately 2,400 kg/m3
. Aggregates shall conform to ASTM C 33 with the size limitation noted
above.
f. The mineral composition of the concrete aggregate and the concrete thickness determine the fire
rating of the concrete.
g. The UBC classifies fireproofing concrete into four types according to the quality of aggregate
contents as following:
(i) Carbonate aggregate – mainly normal weight calcium or magnesium carbonate, namely
limestone or dolomite, and no more than 40% of quartz, chert, or flint.
(ii) Lightweight aggregate – expanded clay, shale, slag, slat or sintered fly ash. Density ranges from
1,360 to 1,840 kg/m3.
(iii) Sand-lightweight – made with a combination of sand and expanded clay, shale, slag, slate or
sintered fly ash. Density ranges from 1,680 to 1,920 kg/m3.
(iv) Siliceous aggregate – consists of normal weight materials other than those in carbonate
aggregate, for example silica. Contents of quartz type materials may exceed 40%.
h. The UBC (Uniform Building Codes) provides the minimum thickness of concrete insulation with
the above types to achieve fire rating ranging from 1 to 4 hours. Table I provides some representative
valves for structural steel members:
Table I
Fireproofing Concrete Thickness for 1-4 hour Rating

h. Figure 1 shows details of reinforcement, corner chamfer and caulking for poured portland cement
concrete fireproofing.

25.3.1.2 Light Weight Concrete
a. This class concrete is made of portland cement, lightweight coarse aggregate, either lightweight
or standard weight line aggregate, and water. It has all of the qualities or standard weight concrete
except that it has only one third the density. It is handled and used the same way as standard weight
concrete. Refer to Section 25.3.1.1.
b. Lightweight concrete for fireproofing shall be of structural quality with a minimum 28-day
strength of 20.7 Mpa. Aggregates and standard weight sand, if used, shall conform to ASTM C 33.
c. Application details are the same as for standard weight concrete.
25.3.1.3 Pneumatically Placed Concrete (Gunite or Shotcrete)
a. This material is a pneumatically applied mixture of portland cement and aggregate up to 6 mm,
to which water is added immediately prior to discharge from the nozzle. The moistened mixture is
jetted by air pressure to the work. The final in-place material haws essentially the same
characteristics as poured portland cement concrete, except for a slightly lower density. Gunite and
shotcrete are classified in the same manner as shown in Table I according to the aggregate used and
the applied thickness.
b. Gunite and shotcrete for fireproofing shall have a minimum 28-day strength of 20.7 Mpa. The
cement to sand ratio shall be 1:4.5 by volume and shall conform to ACI 506.2R. The application of
gunite and shotcrete shall conform to ACI 506R.
c. When gunite or shotcrete has been filled out to full thickness, it should be struck off to the ground
and then finished by hand with a steel trowel. The final finish should be comparable to a troweled
concrete surface.
d. Details of reinforcement, backing, and corner treatment are shown in Figure 2 for contour and
hollow sections.
25.3.1.4 Portland Cement Plaster
a. This material is made of portland cement, fine aggregate, and water. It is applied over metal lath
to enclose the steel in a hollow rectangular section. It can be applied by machine and finished by
hand, or it can be applied entirely by hand.
b. Portland cement plaster should, in general, satisfy the requirements of the UBC. Fine aggregate
should be natural sand, perlite, or vermiculite, and shall conform to ASTM C 35. SABIC approved
plasticizer may be used to improve workability.
c. Cement plaster using perlite or vermiculite as the aggregate has only 25 to 30% the density of
sanded cement plaster, however, its crushing strength is less and its resistance to weather is low.
This type of fireproofing is suitable only for indoor locations where it is not subject to abrasion. Figure
4A shows method of application.
d. Cement plaster using sand as the aggregate offers about the same resistance to weather as
portland cement concrete. Sanded cement plaster has about the same density as concrete but the
crushing strength is only about half as much. This type of fireproofing can be used indoors or
outdoors where exposure to abrasion is not severe.
e. Portland cement plaster is applied on metal lath and is mixed with a cement to sand ratio of 1:2.5
by volume. A layer of 25 mm as shown in Figure 3 provides 1-hour fire protection.
f. Figure3 shows details of reinforcement, waterproofing paper, and corner treatment for sanded
portland cement plaster fireproofing. See UBC Tables 7A and 7B for the fire ratings in various modes
and thickness of application.
25.3.1.5 Moisture Protection
a. Moisture tends to enter fireproofing in outdoor installation. However, portland cement products
offer considerable resistance to the passage of water. No exterior sealing of these products is needed, but steps should be taken to prevent the entry of water at certain critical entry points. Sheet
metal should be used at locations where bare steel column extend out of the fireproofing.
b. Where bare steel is flush with the top of poured concrete, the concrete should be V-grooved and
caulked along the edge of the steel. This caulking should be replaced whenever it losses its resiliency.
25.3.1.6 Proprietary Mixes
a. Several manufacturers offer lightweight portland cement plasters. These are mill-mixed products,
requiring only the addition of water in the field. They are generally sprayed on then troweled smooth.
b. The plasters may be applied on metal lath to form a hollow section or applied directly to the steel
to form a contour section. Surfaces shall be clean, dry and grease-free. Some mixes require the steel
to be primed. Depending on the individual brand, reinforcement, for example lath, may or may not be
required.
c. These mixes generally have good weather and impact resistance qualities. Their densities range
from about 640 to 960 kg/m3
. For a 1-hour rating, a thickness of about 25 mm is required.
25.3.2 Gypsum Products
25.3.2.1 Gypsum Cement
a. Gypsum cement is the binding agent in a number of different fireproofing materials. When water
is added, the material becomes plastic and can be poured or worked with a trowel.
b. Gypsum is an incombustible material. In addition, it is poor heat conductor which limits the flow of
heat to the protected substrate. Until the gypsum is completely dehydrated, layer by layer, the surface
away from the fire remains relatively cool. This insulation quality makes gypsum valuable as
fireproofing material.
c. Adequate ventilation and a uniform temperature as recommended by the manufacturer shall be
maintained at the time of application, when gypsum cement is used as binding agent for fireproofing
materials.
d. Gypsum products are vulnerable to weather, so they are not recommended for outdoor use.
25.3.2.2 Gypsum Plaster
a. Gypsum plastering for fireproofing should, in general, satisfy the requirements of the UBC. In
addition, gypsum plaster shall be mixed and applied according to the manufacturer’s directions.
b. Gypsum plaster can be used for fireproofing structural steel in door locations where it is not
subject to impact or abrasion.
c. Gypsum plaster is applied over metal lath or gypsum lath to enclose a steel member in a hollow
rectangular section. Corner beads are used. Three plaster coats are required on metal lath – two base
coats and a finish coat. There shall be a 12-hour time interval between the two base coats. The finish
coat shall be applied until the second base coat is set up and dry. On gypsum lath, one base coat and
a finish coat are sufficient.
d. Base coat plasters are made with gypsum cement, fine aggregate, and water. Gypsum cement
shall conform to ASTM C 28. Fine aggregate should be natural sand, perlite, or vermiculite, and shall
conform to ASTM C 35.
e. The base coat can be applied by machine and finished by hand, or it can be applied entirely by
hand. Gypsum cement for base coat plaster is usually mixed with aggregate and water in the field.
With ready-mixed plasters, it is only necessary to add water in the field.
f. The finish plaster coat is applied by hand over the final base coat, and is usually 1.6 to 3.2 mm
thick. Several kinds of gypsum finish plasters are available. Material shall be mixed and applied
according to the manufacturer’s directions. Gypsum plaster application details is shown in Figure 4B.
g. Gypsum plaster using sand aggregate has a greater resistance to fire than sanded portland
cement plaster. It has a density of 1,600 to 1,920 kg/m3
and a crushing strength of 4.8 to 7.6 MPa,
depending on the mix.

h. Gypsum plaster with lightweight aggregate has a greater resistance to fire than sanded gypsum
plaster. It has a density of 640 to 800 kg/m3
, depending on the mix. Crushing strength is 4.1 to 6.2
MPa with perlite, and 2.1 to 3.4 MPa with vermiculite, depending on the mixes.
i. Fire ratings are given in the UBC for the various gypsum plasters on self-furring metal lath. A
4-hour rating may be obtained with 45 mm thick perlite or vermiculite gypsum plaster.
25.3.3 Proprietary Cementitious Mixes
25.3.3.1 Generally, the mixes are milled-mixed, requiring only the addition of water at the job site, and are
sprayed on an troweled smooth.
25.3.3.2 They may be applied in either a hollow or contour section. For exterior assemblies, metal lath
may be required for some mixes. The material should be applied to primed steel, which is free of oil,
grease, or other contamination.
25.3.3.3 Topcoats should generally be applied to beams and columns that will be subjected to weathering.
Interior applications may not require topcoating.
25.3.3.4 The density of cementitious materials ranges from 288 to 880 kg/m3
. Some of the lower density
materials are not intended for exterior use. Thickness for a 1-hour ASTM E 119 fire rating range from 12 to
25 mm. Vermiculite based mixes and other cementitious products are available which are suitable for
interior and exterior use. All these are single component products that need to be mixed with water and
spray applied.
25.3.3.5 Manufacturer’s literature shall be referred to for application details, and thickness required to
achieve the required fire rating. Figure 5 shows a typical column coating design with one of these
cementitious mixes, rated to UL 1709.
25.3.4 Intumescent Products
25.3.4.1 Description
Proprietary intumescent fireproofing products provide heat resistance by swelling to form a hard
ceramic-like “cocoon” of chair. This char has a low coefficient of thermal conductivity, thus insulating the
substrate and reducing the heat gain by the steel. The char reduces heat transfer by up to 90%.
25.3.4.2 Product Types
The densities of intumescent fireproofing materials range from about 960 to 1,280 kg/m3
. For a UL 1709
1-hour protection, 9 to 16 mm of coating is required. The most common of these coatings are in the form
of:
a. Heavy-bodies vinyl-base mastic containing inorganic fibers in an aromatic solvent.
b. Non-solvent epoxy-based spray.
25.3.4.3 Application
Intumescent fireproofing are applied by spraying directly onto the steel to form a contour section. Prior to
application, the structural steel shall be solvent cleaned and dry blasted. Primers, although not always
required, are recommended and shall be compatible with the brand of fireproofing used. Occasionally, wire
mesh is required around the flanges to maintain the integrity of the product after it intumesces. Application
can be done in strict accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions and safety regulations.
25.3.4.4 Durability
Intumescent material posses good flexibility and adhesive qualities. They are durable and resist
weathering and chemical attack. However, in prolonged periods of exterior exposure, the active
intumescent ingredient have a tendency to leach out, gradually reducing the fire rating of the coating. The
durability of the product being considered shall be established from previous installations. Manufacturer’s
literature shall be referred to for design sections.

25.3.5 Subliming Products
25.3.5.1 Description
Subliming fireproofing materials protect the underlying steel by transforming from the solid state into
vaporizing gases without going through an intermediate liquid phase. This process uses large amounts of
thermal energy, thus maintaining the temperature of the steel at the temperature of sublimation.
Additionally, a char develops which further insulates the underlying material. The density of subliming
materials varies from 960 to 1,280 kg/m3
. For a 1-hour ASTM E 119 rating, a thickness of only 5 mm is
required.
25.3.5.2 Application
Subliming compounds are generally sprayed directly onto the structural steel, forming a contour section
that may then be troweled or rolled smooth. The steel shall be cleaned and dry blasted prior to
specification. Reinforcement is not required. After the subliming compound is dry, a sealer topcoat is
applied.
25.3.6 Magnesium Oxychloride Products
25.3.6.1 Description
Magnesium oxychloride fireproofing materials protect the underlying steel through the process of thermal
hydrogenation. Elevated temperature causes chemical reactions to occur which release water vapor, which
in turn absorbs the heat. The residue of the process, magnesium oxide, is a white chalky material, which
remains to insulate further against flame. Magnesium oxychlorides contain as much as two and one half
times the amount of available water as gypsum. Additionally, the chemical breakdown of magnesium
oxychloride occurs at a temperature of 300 °C, while gypsum releases its water at a temperature of 82 °C.
25.3.6.2 Application
The compound may be applied in either a contour section or a box section over metal lath. When a contour
section is used for column protection, the flanges require metal lath as does the bottom flange in beam
application. Prior to application the steel should be cleaned and primed with a suitable primer. For exterior
application, or for interior applications where excessive humidity of chemical fume exposure is present, a
topcoat shall be used.
25.3.7 Comparisons
25.3.7.1 Each type and brand of fire proofing material has both advantages and disadvantages over other
materials. The pros and cons of each shall be evaluated when deciding on a fireproofing system for a
project. To assist in selection, a brief comparison of the major fireproofing types in general terms is given in
Table II. The basis of comparison is a 1-hour fire rating.
25.3.7.2 Appearance, adhesion, ease of application, initial and maintenance costs, durability, and other
factors shall also be considered. Since product availability and formulation are subject to change, the latest
information on proprietary products, including cost, shall be obtained to make a more precise comparison.
25.3.7.3 Cast-in-place concrete is the most widely used fireproofing in petrochemical plants. It is hard and
durable and can provide up to four hours of protection. The main drawbacks are its heavy weight and high
labor costs, the possibility of corrosion in the steel, and a tendency to spall during a fire. Gunite and
shotcrete can be installed much faster than cast-in-place concrete while still providing a high degree of
protection, durability, and hardness. Steel reinforcement is required and the spray application is messier
than other spray-on materials. Any equipment and structure not to be fireproofed has to be completely
protected, therefore no other trades may work in the area while the spraying operation is in progress.
25.3.7.4 Troweled plasters are hard and durable, and have an attractive interior finish. Corner beads are
often required to protect the material from damage. The application process is multistage, so installation
costs are higher than average. Sprayed plasters are economical and lightweight, but are messy and dusty.
Some cure to a soft, friable insulation that may flake and dust, and be easily damaged.
25.3.7.5 Proprietary cementitious compounds are lightweight, moderately priced and non-corrosive to
street. Some brands are rated for exterior exposure. These materials are generally not as hard or durable as concrete, magnesium oxide, intumescent, and subliming fireproofing. Some cementitious products may
experience dusting. Their fire rating may be lower than for concrete.
25.3.7.6 Magnesium oxychloride materials are hard, durable, and lightweight. These are more expensive
than the soft, spray-on materials and are corrosive to bare metal.
25.3.7.7 The intumescent and subliming fireproofing materials are hard, durable, lightweight, non-dusting,
and need smaller thickness than for cementitious products. However, their disadvantage is that they
generate a lot of smoke during the fire as the material chars. Some brands require solvents that are
hazardous and incompatible with some primers.
25.3.7.8 Masonry, gypsum board, and sprayed mineral fibers are also available as fire proofing material,
but are not generally used.

Table II
Comparison of Fireproofing Systems (Basis: 1-hour Rating)

25.4 Extent of Fireproofing
25.4.1 Structures Supporting Equipment
25.4.1.1 Structures supporting equipment shall be fireproofed from grade level to the height of 4500 mm
above the hazardous level (See Figure 6). Hazardous level should be defined as the level that flammable
or combustible liquids will be retained in an accidental release or equipment rupture.
25.4.1.2 Structural members to be fireproofed shall over columns, girder, and beams transmitting the
equipment loads.
25.4.1.3 Structural members supporting single horizontal drums or exchangers. 750 mm in diameter or
less, shall not be fireproofed.
25.4.2 Structures Supporting Piping
25.4.2.1 Structures supporting piping containing flammable materials shall be fireproofed from grade level
to the height of 300 mm below the underside of the lowest supporting beam, with a maximum of 4500 mm
(See Figure 7).
25.4.2.2 Typically, structural members to be fireproofed shall cover columns only.
25.4.3 Structures Supporting Air Fin Coolers
25.4.3.1 Structures supporting air fin coolers shall be fireproofed from grade level up to and including the
cooler supporting beams ( See Figure 8).
25.4.3.2 Structural members to be fireproofed shall cover columns, cooler supporting beams and all
members which reduce the effective bulking length of the columns.
25.4.4 Furnace Supports
25.4.4.1 Structural members supporting furnaces above grade shall be fireproofed except for furnaces
handling non-flammable materials or only hydrocarbon vapors in the tubes. However, a support columns
for furnaces handling non-flammable materials or only hydrocarbon vapors in the tubes shall be
fireproofed if within 6 m of a furnace which requires fireproofing.
25.4.4.2 Fireproofing of furnace supports shall cover only vertical support columns from the foundation to
the bottom of the furnace. Horizontal support beams shall not be fireproofed.
25.4.5 Equipment
25.4.5.1 Vessel skirts shall be fireproofed both inside and outside, except skirts containing single openings
not exceeding 500 mm in diameter shall not be fireproofed on the inside surface. The top 300 mm of the
skirts of internally insulated vessels in high temperature service shall not be fireproofed. See Figure 9 for
typical skirt fireproofing details. Equipment leg, lug, and saddle supports shall be fireproofed. See Figure
10 for typical leg, lug, and saddle fireproofing details.
25.4.5.2 Equipment pressure shells insulated for process reasons may be considered fireproofed subject
to AHJ approval if they meet the following requirements:
a. The insulation shall be covered with stainless steel jacketing.
b. The insulation must not be destroyed by temperatures up to 538 °C.
c. The insulation shall be rock wool, calcium silicate, or cellular glass with a minimum normal
thickness of 40 mm.
25.5 Fire Resistance Rating
All fire resistance (fireproofing) rating shall be per UL 1709 unless approved by AHJ otherwise. A minimum
two (2) hours fire resistance rating shall be provided to the structural steel being fireproofed. Lower
fireproofing rating provided to structures with less hazards impact should be determined by AHJ.

25.6 Inspection and Maintenance
25.6.1 After completion of the work, the thickness of the fireproofing, workmanship, and water-tightness
shall be inspected visually.
25.6.2 Thickness of fireproofing shall not be less than specified thickness.
25.6.3 All defects observed on the surface of the fireproofing shall be referred to Owner/Company and be
repaired by the approved method.
25.6.4 Upon completion of work, the Contractor/Seller shall supply certification to Company/Owner
identifying the project location, name of the project, fireproofing used, fire rating achieved, and other
pertinent data as required by reference standards, or by AHJ.
26. Fireproofing for Control and Electrical Systems
26.1 Fireproofing for control and electrical systems shall require a minimum 30 minute UL 1709(P) rating.
The following components within a designated fire-exposed envelope shall be protected:
26.1.1 Distributed control system communication highways
26.1.2 Large valuable multi-circuit cable trays or conduit and supporting structure
26.1.3 Main instrument cable run when its loss could result in an extended business interruption loss
26.1.4 Cable trays, conduit, and junction boxes servicing:
a. Safety shutdown emergency isolation valves
b. Depressurizing and venting valves
c. Firewater pumps and other critical equipment
d. Critical instrumentation
e. Remote input- output (1/0) devices that communicate serially with the distributed control system
(DCS), programmable electronic safety system (PESS), and programmable logic control systems
(PLC’s).
26.1.5 Automated valves (and associated carbon steel reserve air tank where applicable) typically
controlling:
a. Shutdown of the unit
b. Depressurizing/Venting
C. Isolation of chemicals that are toxic
d. Isolation and control of combustible or flammable fluids
26.2 Critical Electrical Power and Instrument Cables / Trays
26.2.1 The preferred hierarchy for protection of critical electrical power and instrument cables trays shall
be:
a. Route outside of the fire-exposed envelope, if practicable
b. Bury (requires derating; reliability, maintainability and local preference should be considered)
c. Use fireproofing materials, preferred for aboveground electrical and instrument cables
d. Use mineral-insulated (MI) cable (constructed of a high-melting-point metals and inorganic
insulation)
e. Utilize water spray and shielding
26.3 Pneumatic and Hydraulic Instrument Lines
26.3.1 Pneumatic and hydraulic instrument lines within a fire-exposed envelope shall be constructed of
Type 304, Type 316, and Type 321 stainless steel tubing and shall not require fireproofing.

26.4 Automated Valves
26.4.1 Fireproofing shall permit operation of safety shutdown functions for at least 30 minutes (or as
required for a safe and orderly shutdown), with pit fire environment temperatures up to 1100° C (2000° F)
as defined in UL 1709(P). Fireproofing shall be installed for both the power and signal lines that are
connected to shutdown, depressurizing/venting, and isolation valves within a fire-exposed envelope. The
associated motor operator actuator and air reservoir (where required) shall be fireproofed to allow
sufficient time for the valve to fully open and close. Motor operators shall be protected by preformed
K-Mass or equal materials that permit disassembly and maintenance without disruption of the fireproofing.
Valves and their associated field wiring which are designed to fail to a specified safe position and where
the valve’s trim is designed, specified and rated for fire safe service, do not require fireproofing.
26.4.2 Fireproofing shall permit operation of safety shutdown functions for at least 30 minutes (or as
required for a safe and orderly shutdown), with pit fire environment temperatures up to I 100* C (2000’F)
as defined in UL 1709(P). Fireproof enclosures shall be required for pneumatic valve operators and
associated components such as solenoids, limit switches, etc. including solenoids of solenoid-operated
valves and the diaphragm housing of diaphragm-operated valves.
a. After fabrication, the enclosure shall be assembled around the designated valves and operators
using stainless steel bolts and nuts. Holes shall be provided for valve wheel shafts to allow extensions
to be attached relocating the original handles outside the box. When the assembly is complete, joints
and cutouts shall be tightly sealed. Access doors shall be provided for easy to actuator components.
b. Enclosures shall be as manufactured by Thermal Designs or approved equal.
c. Fireproofing designs shall be reviewed with the OWNER to ensure that the valve operator will
not overheat with insulation because of absence of ventilation.
d. Nonferrous metals such as aluminum, copper and other low-melting point metals, used for
equipment in hydrocarbon service, shall be fireproofed. Nonferrous piping shall be fireproofed only
when required in Project Specifications and specified by OWNER.
26.4.3 The following items require special consideration:
a. Thermal-limit switches built into electric motors may cause the motors to fail before valves are
fully closed or open when the motor operation is exposed to fire. Then overload protection shall be
provided at the motor starter or such protection shall be eliminated when approved by the OWNER.
The handwheel and engaging lever shall not be fireproofed and shall be accessible outside the
fireproofing. The fireproofing design shall be reviewed with the OWNER to ensure that the valve
operator will not overheat because of the absence of ventilation.
b. The valve’s handwheel and engaging lever must not be fireproofed to the extent that the valve is
made inoperable.
c. The valve’s position indicator must not be covered with fireproofing material.
d. The solenoid on solenoid-operated valves may be fireproofed; however, since the insulating
material retains heat and blocks ventilation, the design must insure satisfactory operation.
e. The diaphragm housing on diaphragm operated valves shall be fireproofed.
f. The air reservoir shall be designed such that the increased pressurization due to continued fire
exposure shall not cause the actuated valve to change position.
26.5 Critical Instrumentation
26.5.1 Critical instrumentation that is part of the safety shutdown system and is located fire-exposed
envelope shall be fireproofed, preferably by preformed, direct application of inturnescent epoxy materials
(e.g. K-Mass ) that permit temporary disassembly and reassemble for maintenance without disruption of
the fireproofing. The same 30 minute rating shall apply as required for other safety shutdown components.

26.6 Critical Service Applications
26.6.1Critical service applications usually are related to safety. They may be identified as applications that
perform one or more of the following functions:
26.6.1.1 Protection against situations that endanger the health or lives of plant personnel
26.6.1.2 Protection against situations wherein the risk of equipment damage, and consequent economic
effects upon plant operation, would be out of proportion to the value of the equipment itself or to the cost of
additional safeguard instrumentation and control.
26.6.1.3 Protection against fire and or explosion.
26.7 Approved Fireproofing Materials
26.7.1 For Cable Tray;
a. Thermal Designs K-Mass system or AHJ approved equal
26.7.2 For Fire Resistant Cables;
a. Mineral Insulated Cables, with Alloy 825 Sheath, Nickel Clad Conducto AHJ approved equal
26.7.3 For motor operated Valves;
a. Thermal Designs K-Mass System or AHJ approved equal
26.7.4 For Junction Boxes;
a. Thermal Designs K-Mass System or AHJ approved equal
26.7.5 For Aboveground Conduit Systems;
a. Thermal Designs K-Mass System or AHJ approved equal
26.7.6 For Critical Instrumentation;
a. Thermal Design stainless steel enclosure with fireproofing or AHJ approved equal
26.7.7 For pneumatic operated valves;
a. Thermal Design stainless steel enclosure with fireproofing or AHJ approved equal
27. Firewater Drainage System
27.1 The drainage system must be of sufficient capacity to dispose off runoff from the water spray systems
and anticipated simultaneous hose streams and monitor nozzle streams used for fire fighting.
27.2 Grading shall be such that the flow of flammable liquid spills or firewater will be diverted to an
adequately sized trapped drainage system to prevent involvement of adjacent plant equipment in the event
of fire. Provision shall be made around fire fighting equipment to prevent fire exposure to them in the event
of fire.
27.3 The capacity of the drainage system under various types of loads, such a rainfall, firewater, and
process drainage, shall be sufficient to avoid backflow. Usually two sewer systems prove to be the most
economical. One is an oily-water closed system with necessary seals. The second may be a clean system
for storm or firewater drainage and may be the open-trench type provided with adequate fire stops if
necessary.
27.4 The system for the area being drained shall be sized on the basis of process drainage plus rainfall, or
process drainage plus firewater capacity, whichever is greater.
28. Contractor/Seller Requirements
28.1 Contractor/Seller shall comply with all the requirements stated in the design and reference standards.
Should there be any conflicts between the standards, a written request shall be submitted to AHJ for
clarification.
28.2 All items of equipment supplied by the Contractor/Seller shall be tested and inspected for
conformance to the specified standards.

28.3 Data, drawings, and other documentation requirements shall be in accordance with the Supplier Data
Requirements List.
28.4 The Contractor/Seller shall provide recommended equipment spare parts specified in the purchasing
documents.

Figure 1
Formed Concrete Fire Proofing Details

Figure 2
Shotcrete (Gunite) Fireproofing Details

Figure 3
Sanded Cement Plaster, Gypsum Plaster and Proprietary Mixes Fireproofing Details

Figure 4
Lightweight Plaster, Gypsum Plaster and Proprietary Mixes Fireproofing Details

Figure 5
Proprietary Cementitious Mix Fireproofing Details
Fig 5A Countor Sections

Figure 6
Structures Supporting Equipment Fireproofing Sketches

Figure 7
Structures Supporting Piping Fireproofing Sketches

Figure 8
Structures Supporting Air Fin Coolers Fireproofing Sketches

 

Figure 9
Typical Gunite Fireproofing for Skirt or Saddle Supported Equipment

Figure 10
Typical Fireproofing Details for Columns, Beams, and
Supporting Elements for Equipment

FIGURE 11
Typical P&ID for Deluge Valve Header

FIGURE 12
Spray Protection for Pipe Rack

Figure 13
Spray Protection for Air Cooled (Fin-Fin) Heat Exchanger

Figure 14
Spray Protection for Process Column

 

Notes
(1) Heat detector
a. Type : Fusible metal type closed sprinkler head
b. Spacing : 3000 mm max.
c. See Note 2 for vertical vessel.
(2) Spray nozzle
a. Spacing : max. 2300 mm
b. Ring for spray nozzles:
Process column shall be protected by water spray
System up to the following heights:
– Up to 12 m : Entire
– From 12 m to 24 m : Up to 12 m
– more than 24 m : Up to half of total column
height but not more than 30 m
from grade
When vessels or columns are installed within 15 m of water
spray protected steel equipment support structures or other
vessels/columns higher than 12 m, then the vessels/columns
shall be protected to the full height of the protected steel
support structure of adjacent protected vessel/column.
c. For cooling of the skirt water spray nozzle
shall be installed inside of the skirt not
outside of the skirt.
(3) Water rundown shall be less than 3,600 mm
However in special situations such as spray
nozzle is obstructed by stage a maximum rundown
of 4,600 mm will be permitted.
(4) DELETED
(5) The installation of pilot sprinkler ring is permitted
at same level of first water spray ring at 6m,
where applicable.
(6) The water spray nozzle shall be provided at under
cold insulation band.
(7) Where installation of water nozzle is obstructed
by a platform, nozzles shall be located outside
the platform just above the Toe-plate and hooked
up by routing the piping under the platform,
spray nozzle/piping for manholes shall be so
installed that the operation of manhole cover
is not obstructed.
(8) DELETED

Figure 15
Spray Protection for Vertical Vessel

FIGURE 16
Spray Protection for Horizontal Vessel

Figure 17
Spray Protection for Compressor in Shelter

Figure 18
Spray Protection for Spherical Storage T ank

Note:
1.A maximum rundown of 4600mm will be permitted above equator.
2.One water spray nozzle and one pilot sprinkler shall be provided for
each safety valve including isolating valve above the sphere, but no need for safety valve to flare header.
3.The surface below equator will not be considered wettable from rundown.
4.The orientation of the systems shall be relative to the adjacent equipment to optimise the use of water
for cooling during fire on adjacent equipment. For example, if equipment likely to be involved in the fire
is located at the East of the sphere, then protection on sphere will be provided on East, and West halves.
In case of fire on equipment on east side, the east side deluge system on the sphere will be enough to keep
the sphere cool. Conversely, if the system orientation on the sphere is on the north, and south halves, in the
same situation, then both deluge valves will have to be operated to protect the eastern half of the sphere.

Figure 19
Spray Protection for Atmospheric and Refrigerated Storage Tank

Notes :
(1) For tank shell higher than 30,500 mm (100 Ft.) Additional
spray ring shall be provided at the half shell level.
(2) A maximum rundown of 4600 will be permitted.
(3) Maximum spacing between spray nozzles on the same
Branch line shall be 2300.
(4) Directional spray nozzles are required to protect the tank & flat
type spray nozzles are required to protect the pipe rack supports.
(5) The deluge valve shall be located outside the dike wall, if a dike is
provided. The deluge valve shall be located 15000 mm from the
nearest location where tank product can accumulate.

Figure 20
Spray Protection for Pumps in Hydrocarbon Service

Figure 21
Detail of Hose Box and Potable Fire Extinguishers

Figure 22
Detail of Hydrant Installation

Notes:
1) All dimensions are in mm unless stated
Otherwise.
2) Example shown is standard hydrant,
installation is same manner for monitor
hydrant and hydrofoam hydrant.
3) If installation is hydrofoam type, foam
drum shelter shall be provided. Not
required for other installations.
4) Shelter shall be 2 mm to 4 mm sheet
steel on 3 sides and roof, with 100 mm
ventilation at bottom. Open (4th) side
shall face the hydrofoam monitor.
5) Open ditch illustrated is for guide
only. I.E., may not be constructed.
6) Guard post shall be 100 mm SCH. 40 pipe
filled with concrete and painted yellow
and black horizontal strips (each 100 mm)
7) Only required if open ditch is present.
Cover shall extend 1,500 mm each side
of hydrant with guard rail.
8) Installation, ideally shall be on
opposite side of roadway from
equipment structure to be protected
(Minimum 15 meters). If installation
includes monitor, then equipment /
Structure to be protected shall be
Within 45,000 mm radius from monitor.
9) Pumper connection shall always
face the road.

Figure 23
Sketch of Combination Hydrant/Monitor Configuration