Table of Contents
| 1. | Purpose |
| 2. | Scope |
| 3. | Related Documents |
| 4. | Definitions |
| 5. | Physical, Chemical, and Mechanical Properties |
| 6. | Testing |
| 7. | Frequency of Testing |
| 8. | Certification and Reporting by the Manufacturer and Installer |
| 9. | Packaging and Shipment |
| 10. | Contractor Submissions Prior to Commencement of Installation |
| Table 1 | Thermal Resistance for 2.54 mm (1 in) Thickness |
| Table 2 | Sieve Analysis in Percent Weight Retained |
| Appendix A | Manufacturer’s and Installer Basic Certification |
- PURPOSE
1.1 This global engineering specification defines Company’ requirements for the physical, chemical, and mechanical properties of perlite insulation, as well as requirements for testing, certification, packaging, and shipment by the manufacturer and installer.
2. SCOPE
2.1 This specification applies to perlite insulation for use in enclosures containing equipment and/or piping in the temperature range -254° to +316°C (-425° to +600°F).
- RELATED DOCUMENTS
3.1 American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM)
C 177 Test Method for Steady-State Heat Flux Measurements and Thermal Transmission Properties by Means of the Guarded-Hot-Plate Apparatus
C 518 Standard Test Method for Steady-State Thermal Transmission Properties by Means of the Heat Flow Meter Apparatus
- DEFINITIONS
4.1 Certificate of Compliance: A document in which the manufacturer certifies that the products supplied are in compliance with the requirements of the order, without mention of any test results.
4.2 Nonspecific Inspection and Testing: Inspection and testing performed by the manufacturer in accordance with his own procedures to assess whether products made by the same manufacturing process meet the requirements of the order. The products inspected and tested need not be the products actually supplied.
4.3 Specific Inspection and Testing: Inspection and testing performed before delivery in accordance with the technical requirements of the order on the products supplied to verify whether these products meet the requirements of the order.
4.4 Inspection Certificate: A document in which the manufacturer certifies that the products supplied are in compliance with the requirements of the order. It shall include the results of specific inspection and testing performed or supervised by authorized personnel independent of the manufacturing department, and be validated by an authorized representative of this independent staff.
4.5 Random Sample: A sample taken without bias, so that every item has an equal chance of inclusion. For the purpose of this document, a random sample shall be obtained by one of the following methods.
4.5.1 Production Stream Sampling: A sample taken by holding a container in the production stream. Care must be exercised that the container is passed across the entire stream or flow so that it is not overflowing.
4.5.2 Packaged Sampling: A sample taken from the center of one shipping package taken at random.
4.6 Specimen: A suitably sized portion of a random sample.
4.7 Loose Density: Density of a random sample taken as defined in paragraph 4.5.
4.8 Compacted Density: Density of a specimen compacted per requirements of paragraph 5.5.1.1.
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PHYSICAL, CHEMICAL, AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES
5.1 Composition
5.1.1 Perlite insulation shall consist of expanded perlite ore, produced by application of heat to the ore and graded to meet the service requirements.
5.1.2 The chemical composition shall be approximately 76% silica, 14% alumina, and minor amounts of bivalent and trivalent oxides.
5.1.3 The addition of any organic material or other substances other than those specified in paragraph 5.1.2 shall be done only with approval of Company.
5.2 Moisture Content
5.2.1 The moisture content shall not exceed 0.5% by weight. It shall be determined by heating a specimen of perlite for two hours at 104°C (220°F). The moisture content shall be determined by weighing the sample before and after the heating.
5.3 Organic Matter Content (Hydrocarbon Contamination)
5.3.1 The perlite insulation shall be substantially free from organic material and shall not contain more than 0.1% by weight of matter soluble in trichloroethane.
5.4 Combustibility
5.4.1 The fusion point of perlite insulation must be above 1200°C (2200°F), and it shall not spark when in contact with glowing platinum wire in an oxygen atmosphere.
5.5 Density
5.5.1 Compacted density, as measured in accordance with paragraph 5.5.1.1, shall not exceed 55 kg/m3 (3.4 lb/ft3). Higher compacted densities may be used with written consent of Company. Densities greater than 72 kg/m3 (4.5 lb/ft3) shall not be accepted.
5.5.1.1 Compacted density measurements: Pour a weighted amount of perlite into a standard 2000 ml (0.5 gal) glass or plastic graduated cylinder. Place the filled graduate into a compacting machine and bounce for 1000 times. Determine the compacted volume and calculate the compacted density. A compacting machine is composed of a metal cylinder attached to a rubber stopper and a protruding shaft. The shaft rides on a cam that allows it to be lifted to a height of 76 mm (3 in) and dropped suddenly for each cam revolution.
5.5.2 Loose density of perlite shall be 40 to 48 kg/m3 (2.5 to 3 lb/ft3).
5.6 Thermal Resistance
5.6.1 The thermal resistance of the perlite insulation, when compacted to a density in accordance with paragraph 5.5.1, and when tested in accordance with ASTM C 177 or C 518 shall not be lower than the values listed in Table 1.
Table 1
Thermal Resistance for 2.54 mm (1 in) Thickness
5.7 Sieve Analysis
5.7.1 A weighted sample of perlite shall be separated through sieves of different openings. Sieve analysis in percent weight retained is shown in Table 2.
Table 2 – Sieve Analysis in Percent Weight Retained
| U.S. Sieve Size | Weight Retained (%) |
| + 16 mesh (1.18 mm)
+ 100 mesh (0.15 mm) |
Max. 10
Min. 50 |
- TESTING
6.1 Required Testing By The Manufacturer for Perlite Expanded at the Job Site
6.1.1 Specific Testing for Loose Density: Loose density shall comply with the requirements of paragraph 5.5.2 of this specification.
6.1.2 Specific Testing for Sieve Analysis: Sieve analysis shall comply with the requirements of paragraph 5.7 of this specification.
6.1.3 Company reserves the right to require specific or nonspecific testing for any other properties given in this specification. The requirement for additional testing will be specified on the purchase order.
6.2 Required Testing for Packaged Perlite
6.2.1 Packaged Testing at the Manufacturer
6.2.1.1 Specific Testing for Moisture Content: Moisture content shall comply with the requirements of paragraph 5.2 of this specification. Moisture content testing at the manufacturer may be waived if perlite is packaged directly from the expander into moisture-proof packages and is stored in a watertight environment until shipment.
6.2.1.2 Specific Testing for Loose Density: Loose density shall comply with the requirements of paragraph 5.5.2 of this specification.
6.2.1.3 Specific Testing for Sieve Analysis: Sieve analysis shall comply with the requirements of paragraph 5.7 of this specification.
6.2.1.4 Company reserves the right to require specific or nonspecific testing for any other properties given in this specification. The requirement for additional testing will be specified on the purchase order.
6.2.2 Batch Testing During Installation
6.2.2.1 Visual Testing: Packages of perlite shall be inspected for tear, wetness, and water stain marks.
6.2.2.2 Specific Testing for Moisture Content: Moisture content shall comply with the requirements of paragraph 5.2 of this specification.
6.2.2.3 Specific Testing for Loose Density: Loose density shall comply with the requirements of paragraph 5.5.2 of this specification.
6.2.2.4 Specific Testing for Sieve Analysis: Sieve analysis shall comply with the requirements of paragraph 5.7 of this specification.
6.2.2.5 Company reserves the right to require specific or nonspecific testing for any other properties given in this specification. The requirement for additional testing will be specified on the purchase order.
6.3 Other Testing
6.3.1 Testing not required per Section 6 shall be performed as deemed necessary by the manufacturer to meet the certification requirements given in Section 8.
6.4 Testing
6.4.1 Company reserves the right to require the manufacturer to submit samples to Company (or to an independent laboratory designated by Company) for testing for any property listed in Section 5. Perlite found not to be in compliance with this specification shall be replaced by the manufacturer at no cost to Air Products. The manufacturer shall be responsible for removal and replacement of any rejected material that was placed in the equipment.
6.4.2 Company reserves the right to further require that shipment of the product be held by the manufacturer pending the outcome of such testing.
7. FREQUENCY OF TESTING
7.1 Perlite Expanded at Job Site
7.1.1 Specific testing for loose density shall be performed at intervals not exceeding one hour.
7.1.2 Specific testing for sieve analysis shall be performed at intervals not exceeding six hours.
7.2 Packaged Perlite
7.2.1 Packaged Testing at the Manufacturer
7.2.1.1 Specific testing for Moisture Content, if required, shall be performed on at least one bag taken at random for each 100 bags, but not less than six bags from each 100 bags or more, and for smaller shipments not less than 6% of the bags shall be sampled.
7.2.1.2 Specific testing for loose density shall be performed on at least one bag taken at random for each 100 bags, but not less than six bags from each shipment of 100 bags or more, and for smaller shipments not less than 6% of the bags shall be sampled.
7.2.1.3 Specific testing for sieve analysis shall be performed on at least one bag taken at random for each 100 bags, but not less than six bags from each shipment of 100 bags or more, and for smaller shipments not less than 6% of the bags shall be sampled.
7.2.2 Batch Testing During Installation
7.2.2.1 Visual testing shall be performed on every package of perlite installed in the cold box.
7.2.2.2 Specific testing for moisture content shall be performed at least at the beginning, middle, and end of each workday while perlite is being installed in the cold box. The testing shall be performed on a perlite specimen taken from a bag selected by an Company representative.
7.2.2.3 Specific testing for loose density shall be performed at least at the beginning, middle, and end of each workday while perlite is being installed in the cold box. The testing shall be performed on a perlite specimen taken from a bag selected by an Companyrepresentative.
7.2.2.4 Specific testing for sieve analysis shall be performed at least at the beginning, middle, and end of each workday while perlite is being installed in the cold box. The testing shall be performed on a perlite specimen taken from a bag selected by an Company representative.
8. CERTIFICATION AND REPORTING BY THE MANUFACTURER AND INSTALLER
8.1 The perlite manufacturer and installer shall complete the Inspection Certification (paragraph 4.4) and Certificate of compliance (paragraph 4.1) included in Appendix A. Instructions are included with the document.
8.2 The manufacturer and installer shall supply any other information requested by the purchase order.
- PACKAGING AND SHIPMENT
9.1 The perlite insulation shall be packed in bags to a density specified in paragraph 5.5.2.
9.2 Bags shall be moisture, puncture, and tear resistant and of a size and weight readily handled by a single person.
9.3 Bags shall be marked, as a minimum, with the name of the insulation, weight of the bag, and the name of the manufacturer.
9.4 The insulation shall be packed to ensure safe delivery at destination in containers that comply with the requirements of this specification and are suitable for the applicable mode of transportation.
9.5 Perlite insulation shall be handled in a manner that minimizes breakdown of the particles. Activities that will promote breakdown of particles include free-fall and impact.
9.6 Bags used for overseas shipment of perlite insulation shall have polyethylene (polythene) liners.
9.7 Packaged perlite shall be shipped in weathertight containers and stored in a dry environment.
- CONTRACTOR SUBMISSIONS PRIOR TO COMMENCEMENT OF INSTALLATION
10.1 Prior to commencement of installation, the contractor shall submit a written statement to Company defining, as a minimum, the following information:
10.1.1 Safety philosophy and special safety considerations during installation.
10.1.2 Origin of virgin rock and water content (%) of rock.
10.1.2 The method by which the installer proposes to demonstrate that the moisture content of perlite meets the requirements of paragraph 5.2 of this specification (this paragraph is not applicable to site expanded perlite).
10.1.3 The method by which the installer proposes to demonstrate that the density of perlite meets the requirements of paragraph 5.5 of this specification.
10.1.4 The method by which the installer proposes to demonstrate that the sieve analysis of perlite meets the requirements of paragraph 5.7 of this specification.
10.1.5 Method(s) of eliminating or preventing voids in the enclosure during filling.
10.1.6 Containment method of supplied material (e.g., bags or tanker).
10.1.7 Proposed method of supply of expanded or unexpanded perlite to site.
10.1.8 Probable air velocities if pneumatic conveying is used.
10.1.9 Equipment and personnel access requirements.
10.1.10 Site area requirements for equipment.
10.1.11 Location of expansion equipment and conveying method in relation to the enclosure.
10.1.12 Temporary storage provisions.
Appendix A Sheet 1 of 5
MANUFACTURER’S AND INSTALLER BASIC CERTIFICATION
PART 1: MANUFACTURER AND INSTALLER INFORMATION
Manufacturer’s Name: Installer’s Name: Manufacturer’s Address: Installer’s Address: Manufacturer’s Phone: Installer’s Phone:
PART 2: ORDER INFORMATION
MANUFACTURER TO COMPLETE : INSTALLER TO COMPLETE:
Purchase order number: P urchase order number: Destination of perlite insulation: Installation Start Date:
Site Expanded or Packages Installation End Date: Shipping Date:
PART 3: INSTRUCTIONS TO THE MANUFACTURER
- For site expanded perlite complete Parts 1, 2, 5, and, 7
- For packaged perlite complete Parts 1, 2, 6A, and, 7
- Supply any other information requested by the purchase order.
- Send one copy of certification along with the perlite insulation to the shipping destination specified on the purchase order.
- Send a completed copy of this certification to the requisitioning engineer/technician.
PART 4: INSTRUCTIONS TO THE INSTALLING CONTRACTOR
- For packaged perlite complete Parts 1, 2, 6B, and, 7
- See Part 3 for site expanded perlite.
- Send a completed copy of this certification to the requisitioning engineer/technician.
- Loose density as measured in accordance this specification:
- Sieve analysis for each test as measured in accordance with this specification:
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PART 6: INSPECTION CERTIFICATION FOR PACKAGED PERLITE
PART 6A: PACKAGED TESTING AT THE MANUFACTURER
Was perlite packaged directly from the expander into moisture proof packages and stored in a watertight environment until shipment ? Yes No If yes, skip to Section B.
- A. Moisture Content as measured in accordance with this specification:
Appendix A
PART 6B: BATCH TESTING DURING INSTALLATION
PART 7: CERTIFICATE OF COMPLIANCE
This is to certify that the perlite insulation furnished under the above purchase order listed in Part 2 is in compliance with the requirements of that order.
Authorized signature and title of the expander: Date
Authorized signature and title of the Manufacturer: Date
Authorized signature and title of the Installer: Date