Northwestern University researchers have come up with a solution for enhancing the function of materials without compromising their mechanical performance. In the case of cement, increasing its carbon content has been the traditional method for achieving this, but it negatively impacts its durability. This has led civil and environmental engineering professor Ange-Therese Akono to explore the incorporation of nanoparticles into ordinary cement to create a smarter and highly functional alternative.
As the most widely consumed material globally, cement is a significant contributor to human-caused greenhouse gas emissions, with the industry alone accounting for 8%. Therefore, it is crucial to develop an effective substitute for conventional cement. The use of nano-reinforced cement provides a promising solution to this problem, offering increased durability and functionality.
Researchers have discovered that the addition of nanoparticles to cement composites can significantly reduce their carbon footprint. However, until now, little was known about the effect of nanoparticles on the fracture behavior of these composites. Lead author Akono stated that as a fracture mechanics expert, he wanted to understand how to enhance the fracture response of cement production. The traditional method of fracture testing is time-consuming and rarely results in the discovery of new materials. Therefore, Akono’s lab employed an innovative technique called scratch testing, which involves pressing a conical probe against microscopic bits of cement to obtain accurate predictions on the material’s properties in a fraction of the time. This method requires less material and speeds up the discovery of new ones. The study’s implications are far-reaching, including building construction, road maintenance, sensor and generator optimization, and structural health monitoring.