WHAT IS GIS?
GIS (Geographic Information System) is a powerful tool for capturing, storing, manipulating, analyzing and displaying both spatial and non-spatial data. It is a computer-based system that enables users to solve complex research, planning and management problems related to geography.
WHAT DOES GIS DO?
GIS is used to collect and manage data about the areas of the earth, and analyze this information to gain insights and make informed decisions. It allows users to visualize, analyze, and interpret geographic data in order to gain a better understanding of the relationships between different geographical features.
WHAT ARE THE BENEFITS OF GIS?
GIS has a wide range of benefits, including improved decision-making, better data management, improved situational awareness, and more. It enables users to create detailed maps, analyze and compare data, and develop strategies to address problems. GIS can also be used to identify trends and patterns, and to make predictions about the future.
Purpose of the Global Information System (GIS)
The three main elements of a Global Information System (GIS) are:
Computer Hardware
Computer Software
Data
People
Methods
- Hardware
Subsystems of GIS
The three main elements of a Global Information System (GIS) are:
- Computer Hardware
- Computer Software
- Data
- People
- Methods
1. Hardware
GIS Hardware System
The computer is the backbone of the GIS hardware system. It is essential for running GIS operations and software. Other components include input and output devices.
Input Devices
Input devices for GIS hardware include scanners and digitizer boards, which are used to capture data.
Output Devices
Output devices for GIS hardware are printers and plotters, which are used to display data.
2.Software
Paragraph 1: Functions and Tools of GIS Software
GIS software provides a variety of functions and tools to allow users to store, analyze, and display graphic information. From data input and verification to data transformation and output, GIS software offers a comprehensive suite of features to help users interact with the data.
Paragraph 2: Components of GIS Software
The core components of GIS software include data input and verification, data storage and database management, data transformation, data output and presentation, and user interaction. These components enable users to effectively store, analyze, and display graphic information for a variety of purposes.
3. Data
Spatial Data: What is GIS Spatial Data?
Spatial data is the data objects and elements that exist in a geographical space. It enables the global identification and location of individuals or devices anywhere on the earth. Spatial data is also known as geographic data or geospatial data.
Attribute Data: What is GIS Attribute Data?
Attribute data is information that is appended in a tabular format in relation to spatial features. It provides all the characteristics of the spatial data.
4. People
Mainly two classes of people are employed in a GIS operation.
GIS Operator
Vectorizing Map Objects with GIS Operator
GIS Engineer
Analyzing and Solving Problems with GIS Engineer
5. Methods
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Input
GIS Inputs: How to Collect and Manage Data for Effective GIS Operations
GIS operations require input data to be collected and managed in a structured format. This includes a well-defined plan for what data needs to be collected, how it should be stored, and how it should be updated. Input data must be accurate and up-to-date to ensure the accuracy of GIS operations.
Management
GIS Management: Establishing and Implementing GIS Business Rules
GIS operations need to be managed in order to ensure their accuracy. This includes establishing and implementing GIS business rules and guidelines that govern the use of GIS data, as well as setting up methods to track usage and audit results.
Processing
GIS Processing: Utilizing Advanced GIS Models and Tools
GIS operations require advanced GIS models and tools to process the data and generate meaningful results. This includes using algorithms and software to analyze data, identify patterns, and generate insights.
Display
GIS Display: Presenting Data in an Easily Interpreted Format
GIS operations require the data to be presented in an easily interpreted format. This includes the use of maps, charts, and graphics to display data in a way that is easily understood by users.
Output
GIS Output: Exporting Data for Further Analysis and Use
GIS operations need to be able to export data for further analysis and use. This includes using tools and programs to export data in a format that can be used by other systems and applications.
Applications of GIS
Applications of GIS in Business
GIS is used extensively in business, government, and research. It is used for environmental analysis, land use planning, tax appraisal, utility, location analysis, and infrastructure planning. It is also used for real estate analysis, marketing, and demographic analysis.
Applications of GIS in Habitat and Archaeology
GIS has a wide application in habitat and archaeological analysis. It can be used to study the environment and uncover archaeological sites.
Applications of GIS in Remote Sensing and Surveying
GIS can be employed in remote sensing and surveying to map out the land, identify potential hazards, and plan for infrastructure. It can also be used in geodesy, civil engineering, artificial intelligence, and operation research.
Applications of GIS in Natural Resource Management
GIS is a useful tool for natural resource management. It can be used to locate underground pipes and cables, plan facility maintenance, track energy use, and balance the loads in electrical networks.
Modern Applications of GIS
Modern GIS applications include address matching, location analysis or site selection, and the development of evacuation plans. GIS is an invaluable tool for businesses and organizations to use for planning, analysis, and decision-making.